IB Digital Society 3.6A Types of Artificial Intelligence Key Definitions

A hypothetical AI that could understand, learn, and apply knowledge across any task as flexibly as a human. Also called strong or full AI, it does not yet exist.

A field of computer science dedicated to building systems that can replicate human intelligence and answer complex queries.

AI that produces new text, images, audio, or code by learning patterns from vast training data. It is a powerful form of narrow AI, not a general intelligence, despite how capable it can seem.

AI built to perform one specific task or a narrow set of tasks, such as recommending videos or recognising speech; it does not understand or think beyond what it was trained for. All AI in use today is narrow AI.

A speculative AI that would surpass human intelligence across virtually every field. It remains hypothetical and is central to debates about the long-term risks and future of AI.

A test proposed by Alan Turing in which a machine is judged intelligent if a human, through text conversation, cannot reliably tell it apart from a person. It measures imitation, not genuine understanding.