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A1.1.1 Ergonomics

A1.1.2 Anthropometrics

A1.1.3 Percentiles in design

A1.1.4 Adjustability and range of sizes

A1.1.5 Workspace envelopes

A1.1.6 Physiology

A1.1.7 Psychology

A2.1.1 Understanding user needs

A2.1.2 User-centred design (UCD) process

A2.1.3 Multidisciplinary teams

A2.1.4 User-centred research methods

A2.1.5 User profiles and design assumptions

A2.2.1 Low- and high-fidelity prototyping

A2.2.2 Drawings in the design process

A2.2.3 Physical and virtual prototyping

A2.2.4 Physical prototypes for development

A2.2.5 CAD for virtual prototyping

A2.2.6 Rapid prototyping

A3.1.1 Classification by properties

A3.1.2 Classification by source

A3.1.3 Material aesthetic considerations

A3.1.4 Physical properties of materials

A3.1.5 Chemical properties of materials

A3.1.6 Mechanical properties of materials

A3.1.7 Composites

A3.1.8 Smart materials

A3.1.9 Biodegradable materials

A3.2.1 Structures in nature and the built environment

A3.2.2 Classification of structures

A3.2.3 Structural components and functions

A3.2.4 Static and dynamic forces

A3.2.5 Stress, strain and material failure

A3.2.6 Young’s Modulus and structural applications

A3.2.7 Structural equilibrium

A3.2.8 Strengthening techniques in structures

A3.2.9 Safety factor (SF) in structural design

A3.2.10 Load-bearing design in structures

A3.3.1 Types of motion

A3.3.2 Input–process–output systems

A3.3.3 Mechanical advantage

A3.3.4 Changing motion in mechanical systems

A3.3.5 Combining motion types

A3.3.6 Gear systems

A3.3.7 Pulley systems

A3.3.8 Cams and motion

A3.3.9 Levers and classes

A3.3.10 Linkages

A3.4.1 Electronic systems

A3.4.2 Responsible use of electronics

A3.4.3 Analogue vs digital systems

A3.4.4 Analogue signal systems

A3.4.5 Digital signal systems

A3.4.6 Passive and active components

A3.4.7 Input devices and sensors

A3.4.8 Output devices and signal conversion

A3.4.9 Microcontollers: design, function & application

A3.4.10 Feedback systems

A3.4.11 Operational amplifiers (op-amps)

A3.4.12 Embedded systems communication

A3.4.13 Circuit diagram symbols and components

A4.1.1 Categories of manufacturing techniques

A4.1.2 Additive manufacturing

A4.1.3 Rapid prototyping and CAD

A4.1.4 Additive manufacturing in industry

A4.1.5 4D printing and material response

A4.1.6 5D printing and multi-axis printing

A4.1.7 Subtractive techniques

A4.1.8 Forming techniques

A4.1.9 Joining techniques

A4.1.10 Finishing techniques

A4.1.11 Combining manufacturing techniques

B1.1.1 Structuring a UCD inquiry

B1.1.2 Applying research methods

B1.1.3 Persona development

B1.1.4 Usability

B1.1.5 Task analysis

B2.1.1 The design process

B2.1.2 Research in the design process

B2.1.3 User journey and storyboarding

B2.1.4 Problem definition

B2.1.5 Design specification

B2.1.6 Ideation and modelling

B2.1.7 Iterative analysis and evaluation

B2.1.8 Iterative modelling, testing and refinement

B2.1.9 Prototyping and user testing

B2.1.10 Communicating technical details

B2.1.11 Presenting the final solution

B2.2.1 Drawings for feedback and communication

B2.2.2 Physical prototypes for design testing

B2.2.3 CAD modelling and design development

B2.2.4 Finite element analysis (FEA)

B2.2.5 CAD for rapid prototyping

B2.2.6 Using feedback to refine designs

B3.1.1 Material selection

B3.2.1 Forces

B3.2.2 Young’s Modulus and stiffness

B3.2.3 Structural failure

B3.2.4 Diagramming structural forces

B3.2.5 Safety factors calculations

B3.3.1 Mechanical advantage calculations

B3.3.2 Velocity ratio calculations

B3.3.3 Efficiency calculations

B3.3.4 Gear and belt-driven system applications

B3.3.5 Cam and follower systems

B3.3.6 Levers and load-effort systems

B3.4.1 Electronics in everyday products

B3.4.2 Electronic measuring tools

B3.4.3 Electrical calculations

B3.4.4 Resistors and capacitors in series & parallel

B3.4.5 Flow diagrams

B3.4.6 Circuit arrangement

B3.4.7 Input sensors in digital systems

B3.4.8 Boolean logic and truth tables

B3.4.9 Wireless communication in embedded systems

B4.1.1 Production systems

B4.1.2 Scales of production

B4.1.3 Factors affecting manufacturing technique choice

B4.1.4 Production and design constraints

C1.1.1 Ethical and sustainable responsibility

C1.1.2 Responsibility for product safety

C1.1.3 Product obsolescence

C1.2.1 Inclusive design

C1.2.2 Design beyond the average

C1.2.3 Design for extremes

C1.3.1 Four-pleasure framework

C1.3.2 Attract/converse/transact (ACT) model

C2.1.1 Design for sustainability

C2.1.2 Datchefski’s principles

C2.1.3 The triple bottom line (TBL)

C2.2.1 Linear vs circular economy

C2.2.2 Designing for a circular economy

C2.2.3 Incorporating biodegradable materials

C2.2.4 Recovery and restoration

C2.2.5 Renewable energy

C3.1.1 Purpose of product analysis

C3.1.2 Stakeholder testing and feedback

C3.1.3 SWOT analysis

C3.1.4 Data-driven evaluation of product performance

C3.1.5 Identifying weaknesses and constructive discontent

C3.2.1 Life-cycle analysis (LCA)

C3.2.2 Cradle-to-grave environmental impact

C4.1.1 Design for manufacture (DfM)

C4.1.2 Design for process

C4.1.3 Design for assembly

C4.1.4 Design for disassembly

C4.1.5 Environmental impact of DfM strategies

IB Design Technology Topic B4.1.4: Production and Design Constraints Flashcards

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These interactive flashcards help IB Design Technology (First Exam 2027) students Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL) quickly review and memorize the essential definitions, formulas, and terms needed for success in IB Exams.

Each card focuses on B4.1.4 Production and design constraints and is aligned with the IB Design Technology (First Exam 2027) syllabus, ensuring focused revision on materials and processes, product design, and sustainability.

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Why does injection moulding enable tool-less assembly in products?

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It allows for the creation of complex geometries and built-in clips directly on the parts.

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B4.1.4 Production and design constraints

A. Design in theory

A1.1 Ergonomics7 subtopics

A2.1 User-centred research methods5 subtopics

A2.2 Prototyping techniques6 subtopics

A3.1 Material classification and properties9 subtopics

A3.2 Introduction to structural systems (HL only)10 subtopics

A3.3 Introduction to mechanical systems (HL only)10 subtopics

A3.4 Introduction to electronic systems (HL only)13 subtopics

A4.1 Manufacturing techniques (HL only)11 subtopics

B. Design in practice

B1.1 User-centred design5 subtopics

B2.1 The design process11 subtopics

B2.2 Modelling and prototyping6 subtopics

B3.1 Material selection1 subtopic

B3.2 Structural systems application and selection (HL only)5 subtopics

B3.3 Mechanical systems application and selection (HL only)6 subtopics

B3.4 Electronic systems application and selection (HL only)9 subtopics

B4.1 Production systems (HL only)4 subtopics

C. Design in context

C1.1 Responsibility of the designer3 subtopics

C1.2 Inclusive design3 subtopics

C1.3 Beyond usability (HL only)2 subtopics

C2.1 Design for sustainability3 subtopics

C2.2 Design for a circular economy5 subtopics

C3.1 Product analysis and evaluation5 subtopics

C3.2 Life-cycle analysis (HL only)2 subtopics

C4.1 Design for manufacture strategies (HL only)5 subtopics

A. Design in theory

A1.1 Ergonomics7 subtopics

A2.1 User-centred research methods5 subtopics

A2.2 Prototyping techniques6 subtopics

A3.1 Material classification and properties9 subtopics

A3.2 Introduction to structural systems (HL only)10 subtopics

A3.3 Introduction to mechanical systems (HL only)10 subtopics

A3.4 Introduction to electronic systems (HL only)13 subtopics

A4.1 Manufacturing techniques (HL only)11 subtopics

B. Design in practice

B1.1 User-centred design5 subtopics

B2.1 The design process11 subtopics

B2.2 Modelling and prototyping6 subtopics

B3.1 Material selection1 subtopic

B3.2 Structural systems application and selection (HL only)5 subtopics

B3.3 Mechanical systems application and selection (HL only)6 subtopics

B3.4 Electronic systems application and selection (HL only)9 subtopics

B4.1 Production systems (HL only)4 subtopics

C. Design in context

C1.1 Responsibility of the designer3 subtopics

C1.2 Inclusive design3 subtopics

C1.3 Beyond usability (HL only)2 subtopics

C2.1 Design for sustainability3 subtopics

C2.2 Design for a circular economy5 subtopics

C3.1 Product analysis and evaluation5 subtopics

C3.2 Life-cycle analysis (HL only)2 subtopics

C4.1 Design for manufacture strategies (HL only)5 subtopics

IB Design Technology Topic B4.1.4: Production and Design Constraints Flashcards

IB Design Technology Topic B4.1.4: Production and Design Constraints Flashcards

Flashcards for

Flashcards for B4.1.4 Production and design constraints - IB