Scales of Production
Production systems are selected based on the scale of production, which refers to the quantity of products being produced and the level of customisation required.
Key Scales of Production
One-Off Production
One-off production
The creation of a single, unique product, often craft-produced or made as a prototype for larger-scale production.
- High customization
- Skilled labor
- High cost per unit
- Flexible processes
Batch Production
Batch Production
A limited-volume production process where a set number of items are made in groups or batches.
- Moderate customization
- Efficient use of resources
- Equipment can be reconfigured for different batches
- Lower cost per unit than one-off production
Mass Production
Mass Production
The large-scale production of standardized products using production lines, allowing for high output and efficiency per worker.
- High efficiency
- Low cost per unit
- Specialized machinery
- Minimal customization
Mass production relies heavily on automation and assembly lines to achieve high efficiency and low costs.
Mass Customization
Mass Customisation
The production of large quantities of products that are individually customised to meet specific customer needs.
- Combines efficiency of mass production with customization
- Uses modular design and flexible manufacturing systems
- Higher cost per unit than mass production but lower than one-off production
- Nike's "Nike By You" program allows customers to design their own sneakers, choosing colors, materials, and features.
- This is an example of mass customization, where the base product is mass-produced, but customization options are added to meet individual preferences.
Continuous Production
Continious Production
A production method where materials are manufactured or processed without interruption, allowing for constant output.
- Operates 24/7
- High efficiency
- Low cost per unit
- Minimal flexibility
Environmental and Ethical Considerations
- Sustainability
- Continuous production can lead to resource depletion and environmental harm if not managed responsibly.
- Mass customization can reduce waste by producing only what is needed.
- Labor Practices
- Automation in mass production can lead to job displacement.
- One-off and batch production often rely on skilled labor, supporting local economies.
