Notes for A3.2.2 Classification of structures - IB | RevisionDojo
A3.2.2 Classification of structures Notes
Structural Classification
Structures can be classified into three main types:
Frame Structures
Shell Structures
Solid Structures
Frame Structures
Definition
Frame Structure
A structure made of beams and columns that can support its own weight without needing an outer shell.
Steel framework structure for a high rise building (AJ Marshall)
Key features:
Lightweight and material-efficient
Often hollow or open in form
Require bracing to prevent collapse
Can be easily modified or expanded
Efficient load distribution
Example
Bicycle frame
Greenhouse or tent poles
Steel framework in skyscrapers
Bridges (e.g. truss bridges)
Tip
When designing frame structures, consider the material properties and joint connections to ensure stability and durability.
Shell Structures
Definition
Shell Structure
A 3D hollow structure with thin walls relative to its overall size.
The Pantheon in Rome uses a concrete dome to span a large area without internal supports (Lions of the Piazza)
Key features:
Lightweight but strong
Can cover large areas without internal supports
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Note
Introduction to Structural Classification
Structures are all around us, from the buildings we live in to the products we use daily. Understanding how they are classified helps engineers and designers choose the right type for each application.
Structures can be classified into three main types:
Frame Structures
Shell Structures
Solid Structures
DefinitionStructureA system or object designed to support loads and resist forces.
AnalogyThink of structural classification like categorizing different types of containers: some are like baskets (frame), some like bowls (shell), and some like solid blocks (solid).
NoteMost structures you encounter will fall into one of these three categories, but some may combine elements of more than one type.
