IB Design Technology Topic A3.1.8 Smart Materials Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Design Technology Topic A3.1.8 Smart Materials Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Smart Materials: Matter That Responds to Its Environment

Definition

Smart Materials

Materials that respond to external stimuli (such as heat, light, pressure, or electricity) by changing one or more of their properties in a controlled, reversible, and repeatable way.

A smart material changes one of its properties in response to an external stimulus, and it does so in a controlled, reversible and repeatable way.
Reversible and repeatable are the words that matter, because a material that changes once and stays changed has simply been damaged.
The stimuli on the syllabus are:
1. Temperature.
2. Pressure, or mechanical stress.
3. Light.
4. Magnetic fields.
5. Electric fields.
The design payoff is that the material becomes the sensor or the actuator, so a product can respond without a separate motor, circuit or moving part.

Piezoelectric Materials: Squeeze In, Charge Out

Definition

Piezoelectricity

A property of certain smart materials that allows them to generate a small electrical charge when mechanically deformed, and to change shape (expand or contract) when an electric current is applied.

Stimulus: mechanical stress, meaning the material is squeezed, bent or vibrated.
Response: it generates an electrical charge.
The effect runs both ways, so applying a voltage makes the material deform, which is what turns it from a sensor into an actuator.

Example

Sensors: microphones and accelerometers turn movement into a signal.
Actuators: inkjet printers use the reverse effect for precise, tiny movements.
Energy harvesting: vibration is converted into electricity for low-power devices.

Shape Memory Materials: Heat Restores the Original Shape

Definition

Shape Memory Materials

A smart material that can be deformed and then return to its original, pre-set shape when exposed to a change in temperature or stress.

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Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Tip

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Smart Materials: Matter That Responds to Its Environment

Definition

Smart Materials

Materials that respond to external stimuli (such as heat, light, pressure, or electricity) by changing one or more of their properties in a controlled, reversible, and repeatable way.

A smart material changes one of its properties in response to an external stimulus, and it does so in a controlled, reversible and repeatable way.
Reversible and repeatable are the words that matter, because a material that changes once and stays changed has simply been damaged.
The stimuli on the syllabus are:
1. Temperature.
2. Pressure, or mechanical stress.
3. Light.
4. Magnetic fields.
5. Electric fields.
The design payoff is that the material becomes the sensor or the actuator, so a product can respond without a separate motor, circuit or moving part.

Piezoelectric Materials: Squeeze In, Charge Out

Definition

Piezoelectricity

Stimulus: mechanical stress, meaning the material is squeezed, bent or vibrated.
Response: it generates an electrical charge.
The effect runs both ways, so applying a voltage makes the material deform, which is what turns it from a sensor into an actuator.

Example

Sensors: microphones and accelerometers turn movement into a signal.
Actuators: inkjet printers use the reverse effect for precise, tiny movements.
Energy harvesting: vibration is converted into electricity for low-power devices.

Shape Memory Materials: Heat Restores the Original Shape

Definition

Shape Memory Materials

A smart material that can be deformed and then return to its original, pre-set shape when exposed to a change in temperature or stress.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A. Design in theory8 subtopics

B. Design in practice8 subtopics

C. Design in context8 subtopics

IB Design Technology Topic A3.1.8: Smart Materials Notes

A. Design in theory8 subtopics

B. Design in practice8 subtopics

C. Design in context8 subtopics

Smart Materials: Matter That Responds to Its Environment

Piezoelectric Materials: Squeeze In, Charge Out

Shape Memory Materials: Heat Restores the Original Shape

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Smart Materials: Matter That Responds to Its Environment

Piezoelectric Materials: Squeeze In, Charge Out

Shape Memory Materials: Heat Restores the Original Shape

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account