IB Design Technology Topic A3.1.9 Biodegradable Materials Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Design Technology Topic A3.1.9 Biodegradable Materials Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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Biodegradable Materials: Designed to Disappear Safely

Definition

Bio-materials

A biomaterial is any material that is produced by or originates from biological organisms, such as plants, animals, bacteria, or fungi.

A biodegradable material breaks down after disposal, which makes end of life a design decision rather than an afterthought.
Biomaterials are often all three of the following:
1. Renewable, sourced from plants, animals or microbes.
2. Biodegradable, able to break down naturally over time.
3. Biocompatible, able to interact with living tissue without causing harm.
Those three are not the same claim, and a material can be renewable without being biodegradable, or biodegradable without being biocompatible.

Note

Biodegradation is done by microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi.
They break the material into harmless by-products: water, carbon dioxide and biomass.
The rate depends on temperature, moisture and the availability of oxygen.
That dependence is the source of every problem in the last section of this lesson.

A Palette of Biomaterials

Biomaterials already cover packaging, medicine, construction and furniture, so this is not a future technology.
Each one is defined by its biological source and by what that source is good at.

PLA (Polylactic Acid)

Source: corn starch or sugarcane.
Uses: compostable packaging and 3D printing filament, which is probably the biomaterial you have handled most often.

Collagen

Source: animal tissue.
Uses: wound dressings and implants, where being biocompatible matters more than being strong.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Biodegradable Materials: Designed to Disappear Safely

Definition

Bio-materials

A biomaterial is any material that is produced by or originates from biological organisms, such as plants, animals, bacteria, or fungi.

A biodegradable material breaks down after disposal, which makes end of life a design decision rather than an afterthought.
Biomaterials are often all three of the following:
1. Renewable, sourced from plants, animals or microbes.
2. Biodegradable, able to break down naturally over time.
3. Biocompatible, able to interact with living tissue without causing harm.
Those three are not the same claim, and a material can be renewable without being biodegradable, or biodegradable without being biocompatible.

Note

Biodegradation is done by microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi.
They break the material into harmless by-products: water, carbon dioxide and biomass.
The rate depends on temperature, moisture and the availability of oxygen.
That dependence is the source of every problem in the last section of this lesson.

A Palette of Biomaterials

Biomaterials already cover packaging, medicine, construction and furniture, so this is not a future technology.
Each one is defined by its biological source and by what that source is good at.

PLA (Polylactic Acid)

Source: corn starch or sugarcane.
Uses: compostable packaging and 3D printing filament, which is probably the biomaterial you have handled most often.

Collagen

Source: animal tissue.
Uses: wound dressings and implants, where being biocompatible matters more than being strong.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A. Design in theory8 subtopics

B. Design in practice8 subtopics

C. Design in context8 subtopics

IB Design Technology Topic A3.1.9: Biodegradable Materials Notes

A. Design in theory8 subtopics

B. Design in practice8 subtopics

C. Design in context8 subtopics

Biodegradable Materials: Designed to Disappear Safely

A Palette of Biomaterials

PLA (Polylactic Acid)

Collagen

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Biodegradable Materials: Designed to Disappear Safely

A Palette of Biomaterials

PLA (Polylactic Acid)

Collagen

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account