Composites: Enhancing Material Properties Through Combination
Definition
Composite Material
A material comprised of two or more materials to improve their physical,
mechanical and chemical properties and/or aesthetics characteristics.
- Typically made of:
- A matrix (binder) that holds everything together
- A reinforcement that provides strength or structure
- Think of a composite like a cake.
- The matrix is the batter that holds everything together, while the reinforcement is the ingredients (like nuts or fruit) that add specific flavors and textures.
- Together, they create a final product that is more desirable than the individual components alone.
Why Combine Materials?
- Combine the best properties of different materials
- Increase strength-to-weight ratio
- Improve durability, corrosion resistance, or toughness
- Tailor performance to specific contexts (e.g. sports, aerospace)
Common Composites Materials
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)
- Matrix: Epoxy resin (lightweight, mouldable)
- Reinforcement: Carbon fibre (strong, stiff)
- Result: A strong, lightweight, and durable material used in:
- Aerospace structures
- Sports equipment (e.g. racing bike frames, tennis rackets)
- Car components in high-performance vehicles
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)
- Matrix: Epoxy resin (lightweight, mouldable)
- Reinforcement: Carbon fibre (strong, stiff)
- Result: A strong, lightweight, and durable material used in:
- Aerospace structures
- Sports equipment (e.g. racing bike frames, tennis rackets)
- Car components in high-performance vehicles
Fibre Glass (Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic – GFRP)
- Matrix: Polymer resin (e.g. polyester)
- Reinforcement: Fine glass fibres
- Result: Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and flexible, used in:
- Boat hulls
- Car body panels
- Safety helmets and water tanks
