System resources
The hardware and software components that enable a computer to function effectively.
These resources are finite and must be managed efficiently to ensure optimal performance.
The OS acts as an interface between hardware and software, abstracting the complexity of resource management from users and applications.
To understand the limitations in the system, let's first identify what we should look at.
While it is hard to list all key resources we have for the computer to operate on, but here are some basic ones you need to take when writing even simple program.
Primary memory
The only storage directly accessible by the CPU. It holds data and instructions currently in use, stored as binary machine code.
Consists of:
Random-Access Memory (RAM)
Random-Access Memory (RAM) is the primary workspace of a computer, storing data and instructions that the CPU actively uses.
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Read-Only Memory (ROM) is a non-volatile memory that stores essential instructions for booting the computer.
The system's primary memory limitations, primarily due to insufficient RAM, lead to slow performance or system crashes.
Note
Insufficient RAM can lead to paging, where data is swapped between RAM and disk, slowing down performance.
Running multiple applications on a system with limited RAM can cause "Out of Memory" errors and "computer freezes".
To mitigate RAM limitations, consider using virtual memory, which leverages secondary storage to extend available memory.
DDR-SDRAM (Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM) is a common type of DRAM used in modern computers.
Secondary Storage
Secondary storage is non-volatile memory used to store data permanently, even when the computer is turned off.
It holds files, applications, and the operating system for long-term use.
We can distinguish two types of storage:
Hence, insufficient management of secondary storage can lead to slow access times.
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