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IP address
An IP address is the numerical label given to a device on a network, carried as the source and destination fields in the header of every packet. Routers read the destination field to decide where to forward the packet next.
Network address translation (NAT)
Network address translation (NAT) is the process by which a router rewrites the private source address of an outgoing packet to its own public address, records the swap with a port number, and reverses the rewrite on the reply. It lets many private devices share one public IP address.