IB Computer Science Topic A2.2: Network Architecture Key Definitions

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automatically assigns IP addresses and network configuration settings to devices on a network.

Hybrid networks combine elements from different topologies (e.g., star and mesh) to optimize performance, reliability, and scalability.

In a mesh topology, devices ( nodes) connect directly to multiple other nodes, creating a mesh-like structure.

Network segmentation is the division of one network into smaller sections, so that traffic passing between sections must cross a boundary where rules decide what is allowed through.

Network topology is the arrangement of devices ( nodes) and connections ( links) within a network. It can be physical (the actual layout of cables and hardware) or logical (how data flows across the network).

A star topology connects each device directly to a central device (usually a switch or hub), forming a star-like structure.

A subnet mask splits an IP address into a network portion, which is the same for every device in the subnet, and a host portion, which identifies the individual device. Its length sets how many subnets exist and how many hosts each one holds.

A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a logical network made by grouping switch ports, so the devices on those ports behave as one network whatever their physical location. Traffic between two VLANs has to pass through a router.