IB Chemistry Topic S1.3.7 Successive Ionization Energies Revision Notes (HL)

IB Chemistry Topic S1.3.7 Successive Ionization Energies Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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Successive Ionization Energies: Finding an Element's Group From the Jumps

What Is Ionization Energy?

Definition

Ionization energy

Ionization energy ($IE$) is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state.

Example

The first ionization energy ($IE_1$) refers to the energy needed to remove the first electron.
The second ionization energy ($IE_2$) is the energy required to remove the second electron, and so on.

These processes can be represented as follows:

For the first ionization: $$\text{X(g)} + \text{energy} \rightarrow \text{X}^+ \text{(g)} + e^-$$
For the second ionization: $$\text{X}^+ \text{(g)} + \text{energy} \rightarrow \text{X}^{2+} \text{(g)} + e^-$$

Hint

Successive ionization energies always increase because, as electrons are removed, the remaining electrons experience a stronger electrostatic attraction to the positively charged nucleus.

Note

Ionization energy is measured for gaseous atoms to ensure that interactions between atoms don’t affect the energy values.

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Successive Ionization Energies: Finding an Element's Group From the Jumps

What Is Ionization Energy?

Definition

Ionization energy

Ionization energy ($IE$) is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state.

Example

The first ionization energy ($IE_1$) refers to the energy needed to remove the first electron.
The second ionization energy ($IE_2$) is the energy required to remove the second electron, and so on.

These processes can be represented as follows:

For the first ionization: $$\text{X(g)} + \text{energy} \rightarrow \text{X}^+ \text{(g)} + e^-$$
For the second ionization: $$\text{X}^+ \text{(g)} + \text{energy} \rightarrow \text{X}^{2+} \text{(g)} + e^-$$

Hint

Successive ionization energies always increase because, as electrons are removed, the remaining electrons experience a stronger electrostatic attraction to the positively charged nucleus.

Note

Ionization energy is measured for gaseous atoms to ensure that interactions between atoms don’t affect the energy values.

Definition

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Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

IB Chemistry S1.3.7 Successive Ionization Energies Notes

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

Successive Ionization Energies: Finding an Element's Group From the Jumps

What Is Ionization Energy?

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Successive Ionization Energies: Finding an Element's Group From the Jumps

What Is Ionization Energy?

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