IB Chemistry Topic S1.3.6 Ionization Energy Revision Notes (HL)

IB Chemistry Topic S1.3.6 Ionization Energy Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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The Limit of Convergence and Trends in Ionization Energy

When electrons in an atom absorb energy, they move to higher energy levels.
These excited states are unstable, so electrons eventually return to lower energy levels, emitting photons with specific energies.
This produces the line emission spectrum, a series of sharp lines that correspond to the energy differences between levels.

What is Convergence?

Convergence is similar to what happens in the emission spectrum of hydrogen: as the frequency (or energy) of emitted photons increases, the spectral lines get closer together.
This phenomenon is called convergence. At the highest frequencies, the lines merge into a continuum, marking the limit of convergence.
The limit of convergence corresponds to the energy needed to completely remove an electron from the atom, also known as the ionization energy.

Connecting Convergence to Ionization Energy

The energy of a photon can be calculated using the equation: $$E = h \cdot f$$ where:
1. $E$ = energy of the photon (in joules, $\text{J}$)
2. $h = 6.63 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J s}$ (Planck's constant)
3. $f$ = frequency of the radiation (in hertz, $\text{Hz}$, or $\text{s}^{-1}$)
The relationship between frequency ($f$) and wavelength ($\lambda$) is given by: $$c = \lambda \cdot f$$ where:
1. $c = 3.00 \times 10^8 \ \text{m s}^{-1}$ (speed of light in a vacuum)

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The Limit of Convergence and Trends in Ionization Energy

When electrons in an atom absorb energy, they move to higher energy levels.
These excited states are unstable, so electrons eventually return to lower energy levels, emitting photons with specific energies.
This produces the line emission spectrum, a series of sharp lines that correspond to the energy differences between levels.

What is Convergence?

Convergence is similar to what happens in the emission spectrum of hydrogen: as the frequency (or energy) of emitted photons increases, the spectral lines get closer together.
This phenomenon is called convergence. At the highest frequencies, the lines merge into a continuum, marking the limit of convergence.
The limit of convergence corresponds to the energy needed to completely remove an electron from the atom, also known as the ionization energy.

Connecting Convergence to Ionization Energy

The energy of a photon can be calculated using the equation: $$E = h \cdot f$$ where:
1. $E$ = energy of the photon (in joules, $\text{J}$)
2. $h = 6.63 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J s}$ (Planck's constant)
3. $f$ = frequency of the radiation (in hertz, $\text{Hz}$, or $\text{s}^{-1}$)
The relationship between frequency ($f$) and wavelength ($\lambda$) is given by: $$c = \lambda \cdot f$$ where:
1. $c = 3.00 \times 10^8 \ \text{m s}^{-1}$ (speed of light in a vacuum)

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Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

IB Chemistry S1.3.6 Ionization Energy Notes

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

The Limit of Convergence and Trends in Ionization Energy

What is Convergence?

Connecting Convergence to Ionization Energy

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The Limit of Convergence and Trends in Ionization Energy

What is Convergence?

Connecting Convergence to Ionization Energy

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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