IB Chemistry Topic R3.4.3 Heterolytic Fission Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Chemistry Topic R3.4.3 Heterolytic Fission Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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What Is Heterolytic Fission?

Definition

Heterolytic fission

In chemistry, heterolytic fission refers to the breaking of a covalent bond where both bonding electrons are transferred to one of the two bonded atoms.

This process results in the formation of two ions:

A cation (positively charged ion) that loses the electron pair.
An anion (negatively charged ion) that gains the electron pair.

Example

Consider the molecule hydrogen chloride (H-Cl).
When this bond undergoes heterolytic fission: $$
\text{H-Cl} \rightarrow \text{H}^+ + \text{Cl}^-
$$
Here, the chlorine atom takes both electrons from the bond, becoming a negatively charged chloride ion ($ \text{Cl}^- $), while the hydrogen atom becomes a positively charged proton ($ \text{H}^+ $).

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What Is Heterolytic Fission?

Definition

Heterolytic fission

In chemistry, heterolytic fission refers to the breaking of a covalent bond where both bonding electrons are transferred to one of the two bonded atoms.

This process results in the formation of two ions:

A cation (positively charged ion) that loses the electron pair.
An anion (negatively charged ion) that gains the electron pair.

Example

Consider the molecule hydrogen chloride (H-Cl).
When this bond undergoes heterolytic fission: $$
\text{H-Cl} \rightarrow \text{H}^+ + \text{Cl}^-
$$
Here, the chlorine atom takes both electrons from the bond, becoming a negatively charged chloride ion ($ \text{Cl}^- $), while the hydrogen atom becomes a positively charged proton ($ \text{H}^+ $).

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

IB Chemistry R3.4.3 Heterolytic Fission Notes

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

What Is Heterolytic Fission?

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What Is Heterolytic Fission?

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