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Heterolytic fission
In chemistry, heterolytic fission refers to the breaking of a covalent bond where both bonding electrons are transferred to one of the two bonded atoms.
Leaving group
A leaving group is an atom or group of atoms that detaches during a substitution reaction.
Nucleophile
A nucleophile is an electron-rich species that donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. The term “nucleophile” originates from the Greek words nucleus (meaning core) and philos (meaning loving), indicating its affinity for positively charged or electron-deficient centers.
Nucleophilic substitution reactions
Nucleophilic substitution reactions occur when a nucleophile (an electron-rich species) attacks an electrophile (an electron-deficient species) and replaces a leaving group.