IB Chemistry R2.3.2 the Equilibrium Law and Constant Notes

Exploring the Equilibrium Constant $K$

Definition

Equilibrium constant

The equilibrium constant $K$ is a ratio that provides a snapshot of the relative concentrations of products and reactants at equilibrium for a reversible chemical reaction.

The equilibrium constant $K$ is derived from the stoichiometry of the reaction and remains constant as long as the temperature is unchanged.

Consider the general reaction: $$
aA + bB \rightleftharpoons cC + dD
$$

At equilibrium, the concentrations of $ A $, $ B $, $ C $, and $ D $ remain constant.

The equilibrium constant $ K $ is expressed as: $$
K = \frac{[C]^c[D]^d}{[A]^a[B]^b}
$$ where:

$[X]$ represents the equilibrium concentration of species $ X $ in $ \text{mol dm}^{-3} $.
$ a, b, c, d $ are the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced chemical equation.

Tip

Before writing the $ K $ expression, ensure the chemical equation is balanced.
The stoichiometric coefficients directly determine the exponents in the $ K $ expression.

Deriving the Expression for $ K $: Step-by-Step

Let’s illustrate this with an example: the synthesis of ammonia. $$
N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g)
$$

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IB Chemistry R2.3.2 the Equilibrium Law and Constant Notes

Exploring the Equilibrium Constant $K$

Deriving the Expression for $ K $: Step-by-Step

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Exploring the Equilibrium Constant $K$

Deriving the Expression for $ K $: Step-by-Step

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Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

IB Chemistry R2.3.2 the Equilibrium Law and Constant Notes

Exploring the Equilibrium Constant $K$

Deriving the Expression for $ K $: Step-by-Step

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Exploring the Equilibrium Constant $K$

Deriving the Expression for $ K $: Step-by-Step

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics