Notes for D3.2.9 ABO blood groups as an example of multiple alleles - IB | RevisionDojo
D3.2.9 ABO blood groups as an example of multiple alleles Notes
ABO Blood Groups Arise From Multiple Alleles
The ABO blood group system is an example of a gene with multiple alleles (more than two alleles for a single gene).
Unlike simple traits with only two alleles (e.g., dominant and recessive), the ABO system has three alleles: $A$, $B$, and $i$.
This system produces four possible blood types (A, B, AB, O) from the combination of three alleles.
ABO Blood group system
Multiple Alleles Allow for Greater Genetic Diversity
Unlike simple traits with only two alleles (e.g., dominant and recessive), some genes have multiple alleles.
In the ABO system:
IAI^AIA: Produces an antigen with acetylgalactosamine on red blood cells.
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Questions
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Question 1
Recap question
Which observation best illustrates codominance between the IA and IB alleles?
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Note
Introduction to the ABO Blood Group System
The ABO blood group system is a fundamental genetic trait in humans, discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901.
It consists of four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O.
These blood types are determined by specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
DefinitionAntigenA molecule or substance that triggers an immune response, often found on the surface of cells.
AnalogyThink of antigens like name tags on red blood cells, identifying them as belonging to a specific blood type.
