IB Biology Topic D3.2.15: Box-and-whisker Plots to Represent Data for a Continuous Variable Such as Student Height Notes

Box-and-Whisker Plots Summarise a Distribution With Five Numbers

Definition

box-and-whisker

A box-and-whisker plot is a graphical representation that summarizes a dataset by showing its spread and central tendency.

A box-and-whisker plot is built from a five-number summary, plus any outliers.

Minimum: the smallest value, excluding outliers.
First quartile (Q1): the median of the lower half of the data.
Median (Q2): the middle value of the dataset.
Third quartile (Q3): the median of the upper half of the data.
Maximum: the largest value, excluding outliers.
Outliers: values more than 1.5 × IQR above Q3 or below Q1.

Note

Outliers are values that fall far outside the typical range.
They are found using the interquartile range (IQR), the difference between Q3 and Q1 ($\text{IQR} = Q3 - Q1$).

What a Box-and-Whisker Plot Shows

Spread and centre: it displays the range, spread, and central tendency of the data at a glance.

Outliers: it flags unusual points that lie far from the majority.

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IB Biology Topic D3.2.15: Box-and-whisker Plots to Represent Data for a Continuous Variable Such as Student Height Notes

Box-and-Whisker Plots Summarise a Distribution With Five Numbers

What a Box-and-Whisker Plot Shows

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Box-and-Whisker Plots Summarise a Distribution With Five Numbers

What a Box-and-Whisker Plot Shows

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A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic D3.2.15: Box-and-whisker Plots to Represent Data for a Continuous Variable Such as Student Height Notes

Box-and-Whisker Plots Summarise a Distribution With Five Numbers

What a Box-and-Whisker Plot Shows

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Box-and-Whisker Plots Summarise a Distribution With Five Numbers

What a Box-and-Whisker Plot Shows

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A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics