How Mutations Create Genetic Variation
Definition
Mutation
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence, which can alter the instructions for building proteins or regulating cellular processes.
- Mutations alter the DNA sequence, creating new alleles.
- These new alleles introduce variation within a population.
- Without mutations, all individuals would be genetically identical, leaving no room for adaptation.
- Imagine a population of beetles living in a forest.
- Most are green, blending perfectly with the leaves, but a few are brown due to a genetic change.
- One day, a fire sweeps through, turning the forest floor dark.
- Suddenly, the brown beetles are better camouflaged, making them less likely to be eaten by predators.
- Over time, the brown beetles thrive, and their population grows.
Practical Implications: Genetic Testing
- Modern technology allows us to identify mutations in our DNA through genetic testing.
- These tests can reveal:
- Disease Risk: Mutations in genes like \text{BRCA1} can increase the risk of cancer.
- Ancestry: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can trace genetic heritage.
- Trait Prediction: Mutations can predict traits like lactose intolerance or eye color.
How should societies balance the benefits of genetic testing with the potential for misuse or misunderstanding of the information?
Self reviewCan you think of an example where a mutation has provided a clear survival advantage to a species?
