Notes for D1.2.9 Using the genetic code expressed as a table of mRNA codons - IB | RevisionDojo
D1.2.9 Using the genetic code expressed as a table of mRNA codons Notes
What is the Genetic Code?
The genetic code is a set of rules that translates sequences of mRNA codons into amino acids.
Codons: Groups of three nucleotide bases (e.g., AUG, GCU) in mRNA.
Amino Acids: The building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids.
Degeneracy: Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. For example, GCU, GCC, GCA, and GCG all code for alanine.
Tip
Remember: The genetic code is read in triplets.
Each codon specifies one amino acid or a stop signal.
How to Use the Genetic Code Table
The genetic code
A genetic code table helps you determine which amino acid corresponds to a specific mRNA codon.
Locate the First Base: Find the first base of the codon in the leftmost column.
Find the Second Base: Move across the top row to find the second base.
Identify the Third Base: Use the rightmost column to find the third base.
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Questions
Recap questions
1 of 5
Question 1
Recap question
A point mutation changes the third base of an mRNA codon from GCU to GCA. What is the most likely impact on the resulting protein?
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Note
The genetic code is a set of rules that translates sequences of mRNA codons into amino acids. Think of it like a language dictionary that converts three-letter words (codons) into specific meanings (amino acids).
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotide bases in mRNA (e.g., AUG, GCU)
There are 20 different amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins
The genetic code is degenerate, meaning multiple codons can code for the same amino acid (e.g., GCU, GCC, GCA, and GCG all code for alanine)
DefinitionThe genetic code is a set of rules that translates mRNA codons into amino acids.
AnalogyImagine the genetic code as a secret code book where every three-letter combination has a specific meaning. Even though there are only 20 meanings (amino acids), there are 64 possible combinations (codons), so some combinations share the same meaning.
