Notes for D1.2.10 Stepwise movement of the ribosome along mRNA - IB | RevisionDojo
D1.2.10 Stepwise movement of the ribosome along mRNA Notes
Elongation: Building the Polypeptide Chain
Definition
Elongation
Elongation is the stage where the polypeptide chain grows, one amino acid at a time.
It involves three key steps:
Codon Recognition
Peptide Bond Formation
Translocation
Tip
Remember: The ribosome moves along the mRNA in the 5′ to 3′direction.
Step 1: Codon Recognition
A tRNA molecule carrying an amino acid enters the A site of the ribosome.
The anticodon of the tRNA pairs with the complementary codon on the mRNA.
This ensures the correct amino acid is added to the chain.
Example
If the mRNA codon is AUG, the tRNA with the anticodon UAC will bind, bringing methionine.
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Questions
Recap questions
1 of 5
Question 1
Recap question
A mutation locks the E site so that deacylated tRNAs cannot exit the ribosome. How does this defect most directly impair elongation?
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Note
Introduction to Translation Elongation
The process of translation can be divided into three main stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
Elongation is the stage where the polypeptide chain grows, one amino acid at a time.
During elongation, the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and adds amino acids in the order specified by the codons.
This process occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
DefinitionElongationThe stage of translation where amino acids are sequentially added to a growing polypeptide chain.
AnalogyThink of elongation like assembling a necklace, where each bead represents an amino acid added in a specific order.
