IB Biology Topic C4.1.11 Herbivory, Predation, Interspecific Competition, Mutualism, Parasitism and Pathogenicity Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Biology Topic C4.1.11 Herbivory, Predation, Interspecific Competition, Mutualism, Parasitism and Pathogenicity Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Six named interactions describe how different species affect each other

Interspecific relationships are interactions between individuals of different species.
Each type is classified by who benefits and who is harmed, written as a pair of signs: plus for a benefit, minus for a harm, zero for no effect.
The six types below are herbivory, predation, interspecific competition, mutualism, parasitism, and pathogenicity.

The six interaction types, and who gains or loses in each

Herbivory (+ / −): an animal eats a plant

Definition

Herbivores

Herbivores feed on plants or algae, which are producers in the ecosystem.

The herbivore benefits; the plant is harmed but often survives being grazed.
Example: a deer grazing on grass, or a caterpillar eating leaves.

Predation (+ / −): one animal kills and eats another

Definition

Predator

Predators hunt, kill, and eat prey to obtain energy.

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Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Six named interactions describe how different species affect each other

Interspecific relationships are interactions between individuals of different species.
Each type is classified by who benefits and who is harmed, written as a pair of signs: plus for a benefit, minus for a harm, zero for no effect.
The six types below are herbivory, predation, interspecific competition, mutualism, parasitism, and pathogenicity.

The six interaction types, and who gains or loses in each

Herbivory (+ / −): an animal eats a plant

Definition

Herbivores

Herbivores feed on plants or algae, which are producers in the ecosystem.

The herbivore benefits; the plant is harmed but often survives being grazed.
Example: a deer grazing on grass, or a caterpillar eating leaves.

Predation (+ / −): one animal kills and eats another

Definition

Predator

Predators hunt, kill, and eat prey to obtain energy.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic C4.1.11: Herbivory, Predation, Interspecific Competition, Mutualism, Parasitism and Pathogenicity Notes

Six named interactions describe how different species affect each other

The six interaction types, and who gains or loses in each

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Six named interactions describe how different species affect each other

The six interaction types, and who gains or loses in each

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics