C2.2 Neural signalling

C2.2.1 Neurons as cells within the nervous system that carry electrical impulses

C2.2.2 Generation of the resting potential by pumping

C2.2.3 Nerve impulses as action potentials that are propagated along nerve fibres

C2.2.4 Variation in the speed of nerve impulses

C2.2.5 Synapses as junctions between neurons and between neurons and effector cells

C2.2.6 Release of neurotransmitters from a presynaptic membrane

C2.2.7 Generation of an excitatory postsynaptic potential

C2.2.8 Depolarization and repolarization during action potentials (HL)

C2.2.9 Propagation of an action potential along a nerve fibre/axon (HL)

C2.2.10 Oscilloscope traces showing resting potentials and action potentials (HL)

C2.2.11 Saltatory conduction in myelinated fibres to achieve faster impulses (HL)

C2.2.12 Effects of exogenous chemicals on synaptic transmission (HL)

C2.2.13 Inhibitory neurotransmitters and generation of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (HL)

C2.2.14 Summation of the effects of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters (HL)

C2.2.15 Perception of pain by neurons with free nerve endings in the skin (HL)

C2.2.16 Consciousness (HL)