IB Biology Topic C2.1.8 Transmembrane Receptors for Neurotransmitters and Changes to Membrane Potential Revision Notes (HL)

IB Biology Topic C2.1.8 Transmembrane Receptors for Neurotransmitters and Changes to Membrane Potential Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Turn a Neurotransmitter Into a Change in Membrane Potential

Some transmembrane receptors for neurotransmitters are ligand-gated ion channels, also called ionotropic receptors.
When a neurotransmitter binds, the channel opens and specific ions flow across the membrane.
This ion flow changes the membrane potential of the target cell, either depolarising or hyperpolarising it.

Analogy

A neurotransmitter works like a key that flips a switch on the cell surface.
The binding is small, but it opens a channel and lets a flood of ions cross the membrane.
These transmembrane receptors carry signals between neurons and other cells, such as muscle fibres.

Definition

Membrane potential

Membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a cell.

Acetylcholine at the Nicotinic Receptor Opens a Channel and Depolarises the Cell

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that carries signals across synapses, including the junction between a neuron and a muscle fibre.
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a transmembrane protein that acts as both a receptor and an ion channel.
Acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft and binds to the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane.
This binding changes the shape of the receptor, opening the ion channel inside the protein.

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Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Turn a Neurotransmitter Into a Change in Membrane Potential

Some transmembrane receptors for neurotransmitters are ligand-gated ion channels, also called ionotropic receptors.
When a neurotransmitter binds, the channel opens and specific ions flow across the membrane.
This ion flow changes the membrane potential of the target cell, either depolarising or hyperpolarising it.

Analogy

A neurotransmitter works like a key that flips a switch on the cell surface.
The binding is small, but it opens a channel and lets a flood of ions cross the membrane.
These transmembrane receptors carry signals between neurons and other cells, such as muscle fibres.

Definition

Membrane potential

Membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a cell.

Acetylcholine at the Nicotinic Receptor Opens a Channel and Depolarises the Cell

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that carries signals across synapses, including the junction between a neuron and a muscle fibre.
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a transmembrane protein that acts as both a receptor and an ion channel.
Acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft and binds to the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane.
This binding changes the shape of the receptor, opening the ion channel inside the protein.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic C2.1.8: Transmembrane Receptors for Neurotransmitters and Changes to Membrane Potential Notes

Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Turn a Neurotransmitter Into a Change in Membrane Potential

Acetylcholine at the Nicotinic Receptor Opens a Channel and Depolarises the Cell

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Turn a Neurotransmitter Into a Change in Membrane Potential

Acetylcholine at the Nicotinic Receptor Opens a Channel and Depolarises the Cell

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics