Notes for B1.1.6 Structure of cellulose - IB | RevisionDojo
B1.1.6 Structure of cellulose Notes
The Molecular Structure of Cellulose
Polysaccharide Framework
Cellulose is a polymer of β-glucose monomers linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
This alternating orientation (rotation of each subsequent glucose by 180°) yields straight, unbranched chains.
β-1,4-Glycosidic Bonds
The hydroxyl (-OH) on carbon 1 of one glucose is above the ring plane, and on carbon 4 of the next glucose it is below.
This arrangement forms long, linear cellulose chains rather than the coiled or branched structures seen in starch or glycogen.
Hydrogen Bonding
Each cellulose chain exposes -OH groups at regular intervals.
Adjacent chains form hydrogen bonds, creating microfibrils.
Microfibrils bundle into larger fibers, lending mechanical strength and stability to the plant cell wall.
Structure of cellulose
Function of Cellulose in Plant Cell Walls
High Tensile Strength
Cellulose microfibrils confer resistance to stretching.
This strength prevents cells from bursting when they absorb water (turgor pressure) and helps maintain rigidplant structures.
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Questions
Recap questions
1 of 5
Question 1
Recap question
Humans lack the enzyme cellulase but can digest starch using amylase. Which aspect of cellulose is primarily responsible for this difference?
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Note
Introduction to Cellulose
Cellulose is a fundamental component of plant cell walls, providing structural support and strength.
It is a polysaccharide, meaning it is made up of many sugar molecules linked together.
Understanding cellulose is crucial because it is the most abundant organic molecule on Earth.
AnalogyThink of cellulose like the steel beams in a building - it provides the essential framework that gives plants their shape and strength.
DefinitionCelluloseA complex carbohydrate that forms the primary structural component of plant cell walls.
ExampleWood, cotton, and paper are all primarily composed of cellulose.
