This criterion assesses the student’s justification of the chosen research method, explanation of the procedure, and ethical considerations.
The student must demonstrate that they understand the method and that they can justify how it fits the aim of the investigation.
Marks
Level Descriptor
5-6
The choice of research method is explained. The procedure is explained. Relevant ethical considerations are described and explicitly linked to the investigation.
3-4
The choice of research method is described. The procedure is described but lacks detail. Relevant ethical considerations are described but some are not linked to the investigation.
1-2
The research method is described with errors in understanding. The procedure is described but is unclear due to errors or omissions. Ethical considerations are described but not linked to the investigation.
0
The work does not meet the standard described by the descriptors above.
Selecting a Research Method
Students must select one of the four approved research methods:
Experiment (true or quasi)
Interview (structured, semi-structured, or focus group)
Observation (naturalistic or controlled, overt or covert, participant or non-participant)
Survey or questionnaire
The method must match the aim of the investigation and be clearly justified.
Note
Students must explain why this method is suitable for exploring the topic and how it will help answer the research question.
Example
A quasi-experiment is chosen to investigate the difference in self-reported anxiety between students who participate in a mindfulness program and those who do not.
A true experiment would not be appropriate due to practical constraints, but pre-existing groups allow for a comparative design.
Explaining the Procedure
The procedure refers to all the steps that would be taken if the research were conducted. This includes:
Sampling technique
Characteristics of the sample
Setting (where and how data would be collected)
Process of implementing the method
Design type (for experiments only)
The procedure should be detailed and logical, showing an understanding of how the investigation would be carried out.
Tip
Any relevant tools or materials should be mentioned here, but not described in full (these appear in the next section).
Example
Participants would be recruited using opportunity sampling from a university first-year orientation group.
The experimental group would participate in a four-week mindfulness workshop while the control group attends regular classes.
Both groups would complete a self-report questionnaire at the end of the four weeks.
Addressing Ethical Considerations
All research proposals must follow ethical guidelines, even though the study is hypothetical.
Students must explain how they would protect participants and respect ethical standards.
Important points include:
Informed consent
Right to withdraw
Protection from harm
Anonymity and confidentiality
Deception and debriefing (if relevant)
Students should also consider special care if working with vulnerable populations or sensitive topics.
Example
The researcher would ensure participants give informed consent by providing a written summary of the study.
Participation would be voluntary and participants could withdraw at any time.
Data would be collected anonymously, and no identifying information would be stored. The questionnaire would avoid triggering content.
Do
Don't
Justify why the selected method fits the research aim
Choose a method without explanation
Describe each part of the procedure in detail
Make vague statements like “I will give them a test”
Explain sampling strategy and setting
Leave out how participants will be selected or where the study occurs
Discuss ethical issues specific to your design
Copy generic ethical statements without applying them to your proposal
Think carefully about how participants will be protected
Suggest procedures that are inappropriate or unethical
Example
Strong v Weak comparison
Strong
Weak
Method
Semi-structured interview
Interview
Justification
Allows for depth and flexibility when exploring how recent immigrants experience acculturation stress
Interviews are good for talking to people
Procedure
Participants would be recruited through community centers. Interviews would be conducted in private spaces and last 30 to 45 minutes. Audio recordings would be transcribed.
I will ask them questions
Ethics
Interviews would be confidential and participants would give informed consent. Cultural sensitivity would be considered in both the language and questions used.
I will not hurt anyone
Key Concepts in this Criterion
Concept
Application
Causality
Students must consider whether their chosen method allows for cause-and-effect conclusions or only correlational insights.
Responsibility
Students must demonstrate ethical thinking in how they design and describe the research process.
Perspective
Students should consider how the chosen method fits the psychological approach or theory behind the investigation.
View Exemplars
And thousands of other examples from high-scoring students.