Rise and governance of empires

Imperialism and colonisation

Decolonisation and independence movements

Supranational institutions

MYP History Supranational Institutions Notes

Supranational Institutions: How Do Global Institutions Manage Cooperation?

Definition

Supranational Organisation

A supranational organisation is a group of countries that give up some national control to work together on shared goals such as security, trade, or peace.
Members follow common rules that are above individual governments.

Example

European Union (EU):
- European countries pool sovereignty to create shared laws, a single market, and (for some) a common currency.
- This limits absolute national independence but increases economic and political cooperation.

1. Why Supranational Organisations Exist

Countries need formal systems to prevent conflict and manage disputes.

Global problems (war, disease, trade, refugees) cross borders and require coordinated responses.

Institutions help build trust by creating rules, negotiation forums, and predictable behaviour.

2. The League of Nations (1920–1939)

Purpose and Structure

Created after WWI to promote peace through collective security.
Main bodies: General Assembly, Council, Secretariat, International Labour Organization, Court of International Justice.

What It Tried to Do

Resolve disputes through diplomacy and sanctions.
Improve global health, labour rights, and refugee support.
Encourage disarmament.

Why It Failed

USA never joined, weakening credibility and resources.
Major powers (Germany, Japan, Italy, USSR) often absent or hostile.
No army → decisions unenforceable.
Sanctions were slow, weak, or economically risky for members.
Failed to stop Japan in Manchuria, Italy in Abyssinia, or Hitler’s expansion.

3. The United Nations (1945–Present)

How It Was Created

Inspired by the Atlantic Charter (1941).
Dumbarton Oaks (1944) established structure.
Yalta (1945) gave the “Big Four” veto power.
San Francisco Conference (1945) drafted the UN Charter.

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Note

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Tip

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MYP History Supranational Institutions Notes

Supranational Institutions: How Do Global Institutions Manage Cooperation?

1. Why Supranational Organisations Exist

2. The League of Nations (1920–1939)

3. The United Nations (1945–Present)

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Supranational Institutions: How Do Global Institutions Manage Cooperation?

1. Why Supranational Organisations Exist

2. The League of Nations (1920–1939)

3. The United Nations (1945–Present)

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The Industrial Revolution5 subtopics

Innovation and Social Change4 subtopics

Trade and Global Exchange4 subtopics

Everyday Life in the Modern Era4 subtopics

Health and Medical Developments4 subtopics

Social and Cultural Movements4 subtopics

Ideas and Ideologies4 subtopics

War, Conflict and Peacemaking4 subtopics

Empires and Supranational Organizations4 subtopics

Nationalist Movements4 subtopics

Civil Rights and Social Protest4 subtopics

Individual Agency in History4 subtopics

Consequences of Inaction4 subtopics

MYP History Supranational Institutions Notes

The Industrial Revolution5 subtopics

Innovation and Social Change4 subtopics

Trade and Global Exchange4 subtopics

Everyday Life in the Modern Era4 subtopics

Health and Medical Developments4 subtopics

Social and Cultural Movements4 subtopics

Ideas and Ideologies4 subtopics

War, Conflict and Peacemaking4 subtopics

Empires and Supranational Organizations4 subtopics

Nationalist Movements4 subtopics

Civil Rights and Social Protest4 subtopics

Individual Agency in History4 subtopics

Consequences of Inaction4 subtopics

Supranational Institutions: How Do Global Institutions Manage Cooperation?

1. Why Supranational Organisations Exist

2. The League of Nations (1920–1939)

3. The United Nations (1945–Present)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Supranational Institutions: How Do Global Institutions Manage Cooperation?

1. Why Supranational Organisations Exist

2. The League of Nations (1920–1939)

3. The United Nations (1945–Present)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account