MYP History Decolonisation and Independence Movements Notes

Why Did Colonies Seek Independence?

1. Decolonisation reshaped the world map, creating most modern states in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.
2. It transformed global politics by ending European dominance and creating the Global South.
3. It explains many modern conflicts, borders, and debates about identity, development, and inequality.

1. Rising Nationalism

1. Colonised peoples began to see themselves as nations with distinct identity, history, and political rights.
2. Western ideas like liberalism, self-determination, democracy, and later socialism inspired leaders.
3. Symbols, flags, newspapers, and political parties strengthened national identity.

2. Economic Exploitation Created Resentment

1. Colonies saw that wealth flowed outward to Europe, leaving local populations poor.
2. Forced cash-crop economies caused famine, dependency, and inequality.
3. Locals wanted control over their own resources, labour, and industries.