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Dot product
For $\mathbf{u}=\binom{u_1}{u_2}$ and $\mathbf{v}=\binom{v_1}{v_2}$, the dot product is $\mathbf{u}\cdot\mathbf{v}=u_1v_1+u_2v_2$.
Magnitude (of a vector)
The magnitude of a vector A is the length of the vector A and is denoted by $|A|$.