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Haploid cells
Cells that contain one set of chromosomes.
Homologous chromosomes
Chromosome pairs (one from each parent) that carry the same types of genes.
Independent assortment
Random orientation of homologous pairs during metaphase, creating varied chromosome combinations.
Meiosis
A type of cell division that produces four genetically different haploid cells, each containing half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
Reduction division
The point where chromosome number is halved.