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Cell cycle
The sequence of events that a cell goes through from one division to the next. Cells alternate between growing (interphase) and dividing.
Cell division
The process by which one cell splits into two daughter cells. This is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction.
Cytoplasm
The aqueous, gel-like substance enclosed by the cell membrane that contains all organelles, dissolved nutrients, enzymes, and where many metabolic reactions occur.
mRNA
A temporary copy of a gene used to carry instructions to the ribosome.
Surface area to volume ratio
The relationship between a cell's surface area (outer membrane) and its volume (internal space). As cells get larger, this ratio decreases, creating problems for the cell.