IB Sports, exercise and health science Topic C.4.2.1 Coping Strategies: Problem-focused, Emotion-focused, and Avoidance-focused Approaches Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Sports, exercise and health science Topic C.4.2.1 Coping Strategies: Problem-focused, Emotion-focused, and Avoidance-focused Approaches Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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Coping Strategies in Sport

Definition

Stress

Humans retain an evolutionary stress response similar to animals, activating the sympathetic nervous system in threatening situations. This fight-or-flight reaction increases heart rate and releases epinephrine (adrenaline) to mobilize energy for action.

Stressors are events or situations producing psychological strain.
Coping strategies are the thoughts and behaviours athletes use to manage them.
1. Eustress (positive): Energising stress such as looking forward to a final.
2. Distress (negative): Negative strain such as fearing an outcome.
3. Lazarus and Folkman (1984): Sorted coping into three categories: problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance-focused.
4. Appraisal first: Before coping starts, the athlete appraises the situation as threat, challenge, harm, or irrelevant.
Coping choice should follow appraisal.

Hint

Read the stressor first: The same fixture can be appraised as a chance to grow by one athlete and as a threat by another.
Match strategy to appraisal: A coping strategy works best when it fits how the situation has been read.

Problem-Focused Coping

Definition

Coping

Coping is defined by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) as the constantly changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage internal or external demands perceived as taxing or exceeding personal resources.

Change the stressor: Problem-focused strategies act on the situation itself.
Problem solving: Analyse the issue and generate options.
Remove the source: Eliminate or reduce the trigger directly.
Information seeking: Gather knowledge that makes the situation manageable.
Best fit: Works best when the athlete has some control over the stressor.

Example

Golfer studying the course: A golfer walks the course on practice day, notes hazards, reads the wind at each green, and writes a club plan into her yardage book. Information seeking turns an unfamiliar course into a manageable one.
Injured swimmer rebuilding training: A swimmer with a shoulder injury rewrites her training plan with her coach and physio around pull-buoy and kick-only sets. The irritating stroke pattern is removed.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Note

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Tip

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Coping Strategies in Sport

Definition

Stress

Stressors are events or situations producing psychological strain.
Coping strategies are the thoughts and behaviours athletes use to manage them.
1. Eustress (positive): Energising stress such as looking forward to a final.
2. Distress (negative): Negative strain such as fearing an outcome.
3. Lazarus and Folkman (1984): Sorted coping into three categories: problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance-focused.
4. Appraisal first: Before coping starts, the athlete appraises the situation as threat, challenge, harm, or irrelevant.
Coping choice should follow appraisal.

Hint

Read the stressor first: The same fixture can be appraised as a chance to grow by one athlete and as a threat by another.
Match strategy to appraisal: A coping strategy works best when it fits how the situation has been read.

Problem-Focused Coping

Definition

Coping

Change the stressor: Problem-focused strategies act on the situation itself.
Problem solving: Analyse the issue and generate options.
Remove the source: Eliminate or reduce the trigger directly.
Information seeking: Gather knowledge that makes the situation manageable.
Best fit: Works best when the athlete has some control over the stressor.

Example

Golfer studying the course: A golfer walks the course on practice day, notes hazards, reads the wind at each green, and writes a club plan into her yardage book. Information seeking turns an unfamiliar course into a manageable one.
Injured swimmer rebuilding training: A swimmer with a shoulder injury rewrites her training plan with her coach and physio around pull-buoy and kick-only sets. The irritating stroke pattern is removed.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A.1 Communication3 subtopics

A.2 Hydration and nutrition3 subtopics

A.3 Response3 subtopics

B.1 Generating movement in the body4 subtopics

B.2 Forces, motion and movement3 subtopics

B.3 Injury2 subtopics

C.1 Individual differences2 subtopics

C.2 Motor learning2 subtopics

C.3 Motivation3 subtopics

C.4 Stress and coping2 subtopics

C.5 Psychological skills2 subtopics

IB Sports, exercise and health science C.4.2.1 Coping Strategies: Problem-focused, Emotion-focused, and Avoidance-focused Approaches Notes

A.1 Communication3 subtopics

A.2 Hydration and nutrition3 subtopics

A.3 Response3 subtopics

B.1 Generating movement in the body4 subtopics

B.2 Forces, motion and movement3 subtopics

B.3 Injury2 subtopics

C.1 Individual differences2 subtopics

C.2 Motor learning2 subtopics

C.3 Motivation3 subtopics

C.4 Stress and coping2 subtopics

C.5 Psychological skills2 subtopics

Coping Strategies in Sport

Problem-Focused Coping

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Coping Strategies in Sport

Problem-Focused Coping

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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