Self-Determination Theory: The Three Psychological Needs
Definition
Self-determination theory
Self-determination theory (SDT) is a theory that explains how people are motivated and develop their personalities. It also examines how social and cultural factors affect motivation and well-being.
- Self-Determination Theory (SDT), developed by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan, explains how motivation works by focusing on three universal psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
- These needs are essential for intrinsic motivation, which is the drive to engage in activities for their own sake, rather than for external rewards.
When these needs are met, people are more likely to be motivated, perform better, and experience greater well-being.
The Three Psychological Needs
1. Autonomy: The Need for Control
Definition
Autonomy
Independence or freedom, as of the will or one's actions
- Autonomy is the need to feel in control of your actions and decisions.
- It's about acting according to your own values and interests, rather than being pressured by external forces.
To support autonomy, create environments where individuals can make choices and express their preferences.
2. Competence: The Need to Feel Capable
Definition
Competence
The ability to do something successfully or efficiently.
- Competence is the need to feel effective and capable in your actions.
- It involves mastering skills, overcoming challenges, and achieving goals.
To foster competence, provide opportunities for skill development and offer constructive feedback.
3. Relatedness: The Need for Connection
Definition
Relatedness
The state or fact of being related or connected.
