Force absorption
The body's ability to safely dissipate and manage external forces to prevent injury.
Protective equipment can lower the risk of injury, including the risk of concussion.
Different types of protective equipment serve specific purposes:
- Helmets absorb impact forces to protect the head
- Mouthguards reduce dental and concussion risks
- Padding protects against direct impact trauma
- Braces provide joint stability
- Athletic tape supports joints and muscles
Protective equipment is only effective when it's properly fitted, maintained, and appropriate for the specific sport or activity.
Common MistakeMany athletes wear protective equipment that's either worn out or improperly fitted. Remember: a helmet that's too loose or too tight won't provide proper protection!
Sporting equipment can be selected or adjusted to suit users of different body sizes and shapes.
Equipment customization considerations include:
- Height and weight adjustments
- Size variations in protective gear
- Equipment fit for different body types
- Adaptations for different skill levels
- Modifications for specific needs
A tennis player needs a racquet that matches their strength, playing style, and physical characteristics - too heavy or light can lead to poor technique and potential injury.
NoteA study found that using smaller basketballs and lower hoops for young players:
- Improved shooting technique
- Reduced shoulder strain
- Increased player confidence
- Led to better skill development
Prehabilitation
Prehabilitation
Prehabilitation involves proactive interventions to prepare athletes for training, competition, and injury prevention. Unlike rehabilitation, which is reactive, prehabilitation focuses on reducing injury risk and enhancing performance.
Key Components:
- Neuromuscular facilitation
- Endurance and strength training
- Plyometrics and balance exercises
- Functional movement training
Example: FIFA’s "The 11" Program (2003)
FIFA introduced an injury prevention program aimed at:
- Improving coordination
- Enhancing ankle and knee stability
- Increasing trunk and lower limb flexibility
The program was designed based on evidence and best practices for core stability and injury prevention.
- Effective warm-up should include:
- Light cardiovascular activity
- Dynamic stretching
- Sport-specific movements
- Progressive intensity increase
- Flexibility training through:
- Regular stretching routines
- Range of motion exercises
- Sport-specific flexibility work
- Balance and stability training
Many athletes rush through or skip warm-ups entirely, not realizing that proper preparation can significantly reduce injury risk.
NoteA proper warm-up isn't just about preventing injury - it also improves performance by preparing your body for the demands of your sport.
Technique and Rules: The Foundation of Safety
- Proper technique development involves:
- Age-appropriate progression
- Regular feedback
- Supervised practice
- Gradual advancement
- Developmentally appropriate rules consider:
- Physical maturity
- Skill level
- Understanding of the game
- Safety requirements
Developmentally appropriate rules ensure that athletes aren't exposed to risks beyond their current physical and technical capabilities.
AnalogyThink of learning proper technique like building a house - you need a solid foundation (basic movements) before adding the walls (sport-specific skills) and roof (advanced techniques). ]
Example- Ice Hockey: The ban on body checking in junior leagues led to a 50% reduction in injury rates and a 64% decrease in concussions.
- Pole Vaulting: Increasing the minimum crash mat area from 17.7m² to 30m² reduced annual fatalities from 1.0 to 0.22 per 100,000 participants.
- Cheerleading: Banning basket tosses on hard surfaces lowered injury rates from 1.55 to 0.40 per 1 million cheerleaders.
Implementation Strategies
- For coaches and trainers:
- Regular equipment checks
- Proper fitting sessions
- Technique assessment protocols
- Progressive training programs
- For athletes:
- Daily equipment inspection
- Proper maintenance routines
- Consistent warm-up habits
- Technique practice


