Self-Determination Theory (SDT):
Have you ever wondered why some tasks feel effortless while others feel like a chore? Imagine you have a big exam coming up. Do you study because you genuinely enjoy learning, because you feel obligated to meet others’ expectations, or because you think it’s pointless to try? These different reasons for your actions highlight the types of motivation at the heart of Self-Determination Theory (SDT).
SDT is a psychological framework that explains why people act the way they do, focusing on the quality of motivation rather than just the quantity. It proposes that humans are driven to satisfy three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This theory applies not just to academics but also to sports, work, relationships, and nearly every aspect of life. Let’s explore these ideas step by step.
Autonomy: The Need for Self-Direction
Autonomy is about feeling in control of your own actions. It’s the sense that you are acting out of free will rather than being coerced. For example, think about choosing to play basketball because you enjoy it, rather than because your coach demands it. In this scenario, your need for autonomy is being fulfilled.
Analogy
Autonomy is like steering your own car—you decide the destination and the route, rather than being a passenger following someone else’s directions.
Competence: The Need to Feel Effective
Competence refers to the need to feel capable and successful in what you do. Remember how satisfying it feels to finally master a challenging skill, like perfecting a tennis serve or solving a tricky math problem? These moments of success enhance your sense of competence.
Relatedness: The Need for Connection
Relatedness is the need to feel connected to others and to belong. Whether it’s the camaraderie of being part of a team or the encouragement of a supportive friend, positive social interactions fulfil your need for relatedness.
Example
A soccer player who trains hard because they love the game (autonomy), feels skilled in their position (competence), and enjoys the support of their teammates (relatedness) is likely to experience high-quality motivation.
When these three needs are met, individuals are more likely to thrive, perform well, and experience psychological well-being. But what happens when these needs are thwarted? That’s where the different types of motivation come into play.
