Notes for Risk and Protective Factors - IB | RevisionDojo
Risk and Protective Factors Notes
Key Concepts
Risk factors increase the likelihood of developing health problems, while protective factors mitigate these risks.
Examples include biological predispositions, lifestyle behaviors, and socio-environmental influences.
Research Study: Padez et al. (2005)
Aim: To identify risk and protective factors for obesity in Portuguese children.
Method: Cross-sectional study.
Participants: 4,511 children aged 7–9 years attending public schools.
Procedure:
Parents provided information on variables like their education, weight, and the child’s dietary habits.
Children’s height and weight were measured to calculate BMI.
Results:
Parental obesity was the strongest risk factor, while higher parental education served as a protective factor.
Breastfeeding and sufficient sleep duration reduced obesity risk.
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Questions
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Question 1
Recap question
A public health program aims to reduce childhood obesity by addressing socio-economic influences. Which intervention most directly targets a socio-environmental protective factor?
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What are risk factors in health?
Lesson
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Note
Risk factors are conditions or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing health problems, such as smoking or a sedentary lifestyle.
Protective factors, on the other hand, are conditions or behaviors that help reduce or mitigate these risks, like regular exercise or a supportive social network.
These factors can be biological, behavioral, or environmental. For example, a genetic predisposition to diabetes is a risk factor, while maintaining a healthy diet is a protective factor.
DefinitionRisk FactorA condition or behavior that increases the likelihood of developing a health problem.DefinitionProtective FactorA condition or behavior that reduces or mitigates the risk of developing a health problem.ExampleSmoking is a risk factor for lung cancer, while quitting smoking is a protective factor.AnalogyThink of risk factors as "storm clouds" that increase the chance of rain (health problems), and protective factors as "umbrellas" that shield you from getting wet.
