Definitions
Attachment
An emotional bond between a caregiver and a child that influences behavior.
Attachment Styles
Patterns of behavior in relationships, categorized as secure, avoidant, or ambivalent.
Secure Base Hypothesis
The idea that a caregiver provides safety for a child to explore their environment.
Separation Distress
Anxiety caused by separation from an attachment figure.
Key Studies
Case studyHarlow (1958)
Aim: To examine the role of comfort in attachment.
Method: Experimental study with rhesus monkeys.
Procedure: Infant monkeys were placed with two surrogate mothers: one wire mother with food and one cloth mother without. Time spent with each was measured.
Results: Monkeys spent more time with the cloth mother, even when she provided no food.
Conclusion: Contact comfort is more critical for attachment than fulfilling basic needs.
Case studyAinsworth (1970-1978)
Aim: To explore individual differences in attachment.
Method: Observational study using the Strange Situation Paradigm.
Procedure: Infants experienced separations and reunions with caregivers while researchers observed their reactions.
Results: Identified three attachment styles: secure (70%), avoidant (20%), and ambivalent (10%).
Conclusion: Attachment behaviors vary across children but are influenced by caregiver interactions.
Key Concepts
- Types of Attachment:
