Notes for Biological Explanations - IB | RevisionDojo
Biological Explanations Notes
Key Components
Neurotransmitter Imbalances:
Abnormal levels of chemicals like serotonin and dopamine are linked to disorders like depression and schizophrenia.
Example: Low serotonin levels are associated with major depressive disorder.
Strengths: Aids in providing treatment (through selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRI)
Weaknesses: There is no 'normal' level of serotonin to classify depression. Also, even though aspirin helps with headaches, headaches are caused by a lack of aspirin, and it may be similar for serotonin and MDD.
Brain Structure and Function:
Studies show differences in brain regions like the prefrontal cortex or amygdala in individuals with mental disorders.
Example: Enlarged ventricles in individuals with schizophrenia suggest loss of brain tissue.
Genetic Influences:
Twin and family studies reveal higher concordance rates for mental disorders in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins, even when they had lived apart for a while.
Example: Heritability of bipolar disorder is estimated at 80%.
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Questions
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Question 1
Recap question
A patient with diagnosed major depressive disorder fails to improve after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Which interpretation best reflects a conceptual limitation of the neurotransmitter imbalance explanation?
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What do biological explanations attribute mental disorders to?
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Note
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain. Imbalances in their levels can disrupt communication between neurons, leading to mental disorders.
For example, low serotonin levels are linked to major depressive disorder, while dopamine imbalances are associated with schizophrenia.
