IB Psychology 2.2.6 Dual Processing Theory Notes

Two Systems of Thinking

System 1: Intuitive Thinking

1. Fast and Automatic : System 1 operates quickly and effortlessly.
2. Relies on Heuristics : It uses mental shortcuts to make decisions, which can lead to biases.
3. Emotionally Driven : Decisions are often influenced by emotions and past experiences.

System 2: Rational Thinking

1. Slow and Deliberate : System 2 requires more time and effort.
2. Analytical : It involves logical reasoning and critical thinking.
3. Controlled : Decisions are made consciously , often requiring focus and self-control.

Key Research

Applications and Implications

1. Everyday Decision-Making
   1. System 1 is useful for quick decisions, such as avoiding danger.
   2. System 2 is essential for complex tasks, like planning a budget.
2. Cognitive Biases
   1. Heuristics can lead to errors, such as the availability heuristic (overestimating the likelihood of events that are easily recalled).
   2. Understanding these biases can help improve critical thinking skills.