IB Psychology Topic 2.1.4 Chemical Messengers Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Psychology Topic 2.1.4 Chemical Messengers Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Chemical Messengers: Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another.
Function: They play a critical role in regulating thoughts, emotions , and behaviour.

Example

Serotonin

Role: Linked to mood regulation, sleep, and appetite.
Study: Caspi et al. (2003) found that individuals with a short allele of the 5-HTT gene (affecting serotonin transport) were more likely to develop depression after stressful life events.

Example

Dopamine

Role: Associated with reward, motivation, and pleasure.
Study: Fisher et al. (2005) demonstrated that dopamine activity increases when individuals view photos of loved ones, explaining feelings of romantic attraction.

Hormones

Hormones are chemical messengers released by glands into the bloodstream, affecting distant organs and tissues.
Function: They influence long-term processes like growth , metabolism , and stress responses.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Chemical Messengers: Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another.
Function: They play a critical role in regulating thoughts, emotions , and behaviour.

Example

Serotonin

Role: Linked to mood regulation, sleep, and appetite.
Study: Caspi et al. (2003) found that individuals with a short allele of the 5-HTT gene (affecting serotonin transport) were more likely to develop depression after stressful life events.

Example

Dopamine

Role: Associated with reward, motivation, and pleasure.
Study: Fisher et al. (2005) demonstrated that dopamine activity increases when individuals view photos of loved ones, explaining feelings of romantic attraction.

Hormones

Hormones are chemical messengers released by glands into the bloodstream, affecting distant organs and tissues.
Function: They influence long-term processes like growth , metabolism , and stress responses.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

1. Concepts6 subtopics

2. Content4 subtopics

3. Contexts4 subtopics

4. Extensions (HL only)4 subtopics

IB Psychology 2.1.4 Chemical Messengers Notes

1. Concepts6 subtopics

2. Content4 subtopics

3. Contexts4 subtopics

4. Extensions (HL only)4 subtopics

Chemical Messengers: Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Neurotransmitters

Hormones

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Chemical Messengers: Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Neurotransmitters

Hormones

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account