Notes for 1.4.2 Data collection methods - IB | RevisionDojo
1.4.2 Data collection methods Notes
Data Collection Methods
A data collection method where participants provide information about themselves, often through questionnaires or interviews.
A data collection method where researchers systematically watch and record behaviors, either in natural or controlled settings.
Data collection methods that involve recording biological data, such as brain activity or heart rate, to understand underlying processes.
Self-Reports
Self-reports are a popular method for gathering data on participants' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Questionnaires: Participants answer a series of questions, often using rating scales or open-ended responses.
Interviews: Researchers ask participants questions in a structured or unstructured format.
Example
Loftus & Palmer (1974) used questionnaires to study memory distortion by asking participants to estimate the speed of cars in a video.
Example
Brown & Kulik (1977) used interviews to study flashbulb memories of significant events.
Tip
Self-reports are cost-effective and easy to administer, making them ideal for large-scale studies.
Note
Participants may provide socially desirable answers, leading to biased data.
Observations
Observations involve systematically recording behaviors in natural or controlled settings.
Naturalistic Observation: Researchers observe participants in their natural environment without interference.
Controlled Observation: Observations conducted in a structured environment, often with predefined behaviors to record.
Example
Bandura et al. (1961) observed children's aggressive behaviors after watching a model.
Example
Rosenhan (1973) observed interactions between pseudo-patients and hospital staff.
Tip
Observations provide real-time data on behaviors, reducing reliance on self-report accuracy.
Note
Observer bias can occur if researchers have preconceived expectations.
Physiological Measures
Physiological measures involve recording biological data to understand underlying processes.
Brain Imaging: Techniques like MRI or PET scans provide insights into brain structure and activity.
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Note
Introduction to Data Collection Methods
Self-Reports: Participants provide information about themselves through questionnaires or interviews.
Observations: Researchers watch and record behaviors in natural or controlled settings.
Physiological Measures: Recording biological data like brain activity or heart rate.
DefinitionSelf-Reports
A data collection method where participants provide information about themselves.
DefinitionObservations
A method where researchers systematically watch and record behaviors.
DefinitionPhysiological Measures
Data collection methods that involve recording biological data.
Example
Self-reports can include surveys about daily habits, while observations might involve watching children play in a playground.
