IB Psychology Topic 1.1.1 Types of Bias in Psychological Research Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Psychology Topic 1.1.1 Types of Bias in Psychological Research Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Biases in Psychological Research

Definition

Bias

A systematic error that skews results in a particular direction.

Biases in psychological research can affect the validity and reliability of findings.
Understanding these biases helps researchers design better studies and interpret results more accurately.

Researcher Bias

Researcher bias occurs when the expectations or beliefs of the researcher influence the study's outcome.

Example

Example: In Rosenthal and Fode's (1963) study, researchers were told they had either "maze-bright" or "maze-dull" rats. The researchers' expectations influenced how they handled the rats, leading to differences in performance.

Analogy

Imagine a referee who subconsciously favors one team, making calls that benefit them.

Participant Bias

Participant bias arises when participants alter their behavior based on their perceptions of the study.
Demand characteristics are cues that lead participants to guess the study's purpose and change their behavior accordingly.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Biases in Psychological Research

Definition

Bias

A systematic error that skews results in a particular direction.

Biases in psychological research can affect the validity and reliability of findings.
Understanding these biases helps researchers design better studies and interpret results more accurately.

Researcher Bias

Researcher bias occurs when the expectations or beliefs of the researcher influence the study's outcome.

Example

Analogy

Imagine a referee who subconsciously favors one team, making calls that benefit them.

Participant Bias

Participant bias arises when participants alter their behavior based on their perceptions of the study.
Demand characteristics are cues that lead participants to guess the study's purpose and change their behavior accordingly.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

1. Concepts6 subtopics

2. Content4 subtopics

3. Contexts4 subtopics

4. Extensions (HL only)4 subtopics

IB Psychology 1.1.1 Types of Bias in Psychological Research Notes

1. Concepts6 subtopics

2. Content4 subtopics

3. Contexts4 subtopics

4. Extensions (HL only)4 subtopics

Biases in Psychological Research

Researcher Bias

Participant Bias

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Biases in Psychological Research

Researcher Bias

Participant Bias

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account