IB Physics Topic C.4.3 Resonance in Oscillatory Systems Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Physics Topic C.4.3 Resonance in Oscillatory Systems Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

What is the Natural Frequency?

Every oscillating system, whether it’s a swing, a guitar string, or a building, has a natural frequency.

Definition

Natural frequency

A natural frequency is a frequency at which the system naturally oscillates when not disturbed by external forces.

Resonance and Amplitude

When an external periodic force is applied to a system at its natural frequency, the amplitude of oscillation increases significantly.
During resonance, energy is transferred most efficiently from the external force to the oscillating system, although some energy is still dissipated due to damping.

Example

Consider a swing being pushed.
If you push in sync with the swing’s natural frequency, each push adds energy, making the swing go higher.
If you push at the wrong time, the energy is not transferred efficiently, and the swing’s motion is disrupted.

Graphical Representation of Resonance

A graph of amplitude versus driving frequency shows a sharp peak at the natural frequency.
This peak represents the maximum amplitude achieved during resonance.

Note

In the absence of damping, the amplitude at resonance can theoretically become infinite.
However, in real-world systems, damping limits the amplitude.

Energy Storage in Resonance: Efficient Energy Transfer

How Does Energy Transfer Work in Resonance?

During resonance, energy is transferred from the driving force to the oscillating system with minimal loss.

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What is the Natural Frequency?

Every oscillating system, whether it’s a swing, a guitar string, or a building, has a natural frequency.

Definition

Natural frequency

A natural frequency is a frequency at which the system naturally oscillates when not disturbed by external forces.

Resonance and Amplitude

When an external periodic force is applied to a system at its natural frequency, the amplitude of oscillation increases significantly.
During resonance, energy is transferred most efficiently from the external force to the oscillating system, although some energy is still dissipated due to damping.

Example

Consider a swing being pushed.
If you push in sync with the swing’s natural frequency, each push adds energy, making the swing go higher.
If you push at the wrong time, the energy is not transferred efficiently, and the swing’s motion is disrupted.

Graphical Representation of Resonance

A graph of amplitude versus driving frequency shows a sharp peak at the natural frequency.
This peak represents the maximum amplitude achieved during resonance.

Note

In the absence of damping, the amplitude at resonance can theoretically become infinite.
However, in real-world systems, damping limits the amplitude.

Energy Storage in Resonance: Efficient Energy Transfer

How Does Energy Transfer Work in Resonance?

During resonance, energy is transferred from the driving force to the oscillating system with minimal loss.

Definition

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Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
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Topic A - Space, time and motion5 subtopics

Topic B - The particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Topic C - Wave behaviour5 subtopics

Topic D - Fields4 subtopics

Topic E - Nuclear and quantum physics5 subtopics

IB Physics C.4.3 Resonance in Oscillatory Systems Notes

Topic A - Space, time and motion5 subtopics

Topic B - The particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Topic C - Wave behaviour5 subtopics

Topic D - Fields4 subtopics

Topic E - Nuclear and quantum physics5 subtopics

What is the Natural Frequency?

Resonance and Amplitude

Graphical Representation of Resonance

Energy Storage in Resonance: Efficient Energy Transfer

How Does Energy Transfer Work in Resonance?

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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What is the Natural Frequency?

Resonance and Amplitude

Graphical Representation of Resonance

Energy Storage in Resonance: Efficient Energy Transfer

How Does Energy Transfer Work in Resonance?

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account