IB History Topic Rwandan Civil War Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB History Topic Rwandan Civil War Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

The Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993)

Outbreak of war (1990)
1. Civil war erupted in 1990 between the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and the Rwandan government.
2. The conflict centered on issues of Tutsi return, power-sharing, and ethnic tensions.
3. On October 1, the RPF, composed mainly of Tutsi exiles based in Uganda, launched an attack on Rwanda.
4. The war lasted until the signing of the 1993 Arusha Accords.
Habyarimana regime response
1. By this time, the Habyarimana regime had lost legitimacy among many Rwandans.
2. The government used the invasion to promote a unifying Hutu identity, portraying the RPF as an external enemy.
3. The regime faced growing opposition due to corruption, economic decline, ethnic favoritism, and authoritarian rule.
4. Many Rwandans saw the government as illegitimate and unrepresentative of national interests.

Note

Development of the Civil War

RPF setbacks
- Despite early territorial gains, the RPF was poorly equipped and met fierce resistance.
- Within days, Rwandan government forces, backed by foreign troops and better logistics, managed to push the RPF back into the mountains near the Ugandan border.
Foreign intervention
- President Mobutu of Zaire (now DRC) quickly sent 600 troops to support President Juvénal Habyarimana’s regime.
- France, citing the defense of Francophone allies and regional stability, also sent around 600 paratroopers under Operation Noroît to protect Kigali and reinforce the Rwandan army.
Impact of French support
- French troops provided logistical and tactical support, training, and supplies.
- This significantly strengthened government defenses and shifted momentum away from the RPF.

RPF under Paul Kagame

Retreat and reorganization
1. After foreign intervention halted their initial campaign, the RPF retreated and restructured under Paul Kagame’s leadership.

Nice try, unfortunately this paywall isn't as easy to bypass as you think. Want to help devleop the site? Join the team at https://revisiondojo.com/join-us. exercitation voluptate cillum ullamco excepteur sint officia do tempor Lorem irure minim Lorem elit id voluptate reprehenderit voluptate laboris in nostrud qui non Lorem nostrud laborum culpa sit occaecat reprehenderit

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

The Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993)

Outbreak of war (1990)
1. Civil war erupted in 1990 between the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and the Rwandan government.
2. The conflict centered on issues of Tutsi return, power-sharing, and ethnic tensions.
3. On October 1, the RPF, composed mainly of Tutsi exiles based in Uganda, launched an attack on Rwanda.
4. The war lasted until the signing of the 1993 Arusha Accords.
Habyarimana regime response
1. By this time, the Habyarimana regime had lost legitimacy among many Rwandans.
2. The government used the invasion to promote a unifying Hutu identity, portraying the RPF as an external enemy.
3. The regime faced growing opposition due to corruption, economic decline, ethnic favoritism, and authoritarian rule.
4. Many Rwandans saw the government as illegitimate and unrepresentative of national interests.

Note

Development of the Civil War

RPF setbacks
- Despite early territorial gains, the RPF was poorly equipped and met fierce resistance.
- Within days, Rwandan government forces, backed by foreign troops and better logistics, managed to push the RPF back into the mountains near the Ugandan border.
Foreign intervention
- President Mobutu of Zaire (now DRC) quickly sent 600 troops to support President Juvénal Habyarimana’s regime.
- France, citing the defense of Francophone allies and regional stability, also sent around 600 paratroopers under Operation Noroît to protect Kigali and reinforce the Rwandan army.
Impact of French support
- French troops provided logistical and tactical support, training, and supplies.
- This significantly strengthened government defenses and shifted momentum away from the RPF.

RPF under Paul Kagame

Retreat and reorganization
1. After foreign intervention halted their initial campaign, the RPF retreated and restructured under Paul Kagame’s leadership.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Rwandan Civil War Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

The Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993)

RPF under Paul Kagame

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

The Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993)

RPF under Paul Kagame

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account