IB History Topic The Spanish Colonial System Revision Notes (HL)

IB History Topic The Spanish Colonial System Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Definition

Peninsulares / Criollos

Spanish-born elites who monopolized wealth and politics.

Political Structure and Administration

Centralized Colonial Rule
1. The Philippines was governed as a Spanish colony under Mexico (New Spain) until 1821, then directly from Madrid.
Governor-General
1. Held absolute authority as the representative of the King of Spain.
Local Administration
1. Provinces were managed by alcaldes (governors) and friars, who had major influence over local politics.
Role of the Church
1. The Catholic Church dominated education, land ownership, and local governance, often more powerful than civil officials.
Limited Filipino Representation
1. Natives (indios) were excluded from high positions; only peninsulares (Spaniards from Spain) and criollos (Spanish born in the Philippines) held power.

Definition

Governor-General

The top Spanish colonial official in the Philippines.

Case study

The Role of the Catholic Church in Colonial Rule

Governance and Control

Religious orders (Dominicans, Augustinians, Franciscans) controlled most schools, land, and local justice.
Priests acted as local administrators, collecting taxes and enforcing loyalty to Spain.
Church-run schools promoted Catholic doctrine but limited scientific or liberal education.
The Church used festivals, confession, and social pressure to maintain obedience.
Opposing priests or refusing Church authority could lead to excommunication or punishment.

Consequences

The Church unified the islands under one religion but repressed intellectual freedom.
Indigenous beliefs and local autonomy declined.
Tensions between Filipino secular priests and Spanish friars grew (the Gomburza execution, 1872).
The Church’s abuses fueled anti-clerical sentiment and nationalist reform movements.
Religion became both a tool of control and a source of resistance.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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Note

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Tip

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Definition

Peninsulares / Criollos

Spanish-born elites who monopolized wealth and politics.

Political Structure and Administration

Centralized Colonial Rule
1. The Philippines was governed as a Spanish colony under Mexico (New Spain) until 1821, then directly from Madrid.
Governor-General
1. Held absolute authority as the representative of the King of Spain.
Local Administration
1. Provinces were managed by alcaldes (governors) and friars, who had major influence over local politics.
Role of the Church
1. The Catholic Church dominated education, land ownership, and local governance, often more powerful than civil officials.
Limited Filipino Representation
1. Natives (indios) were excluded from high positions; only peninsulares (Spaniards from Spain) and criollos (Spanish born in the Philippines) held power.

Definition

Governor-General

The top Spanish colonial official in the Philippines.

Case study

The Role of the Catholic Church in Colonial Rule

Governance and Control

Religious orders (Dominicans, Augustinians, Franciscans) controlled most schools, land, and local justice.
Priests acted as local administrators, collecting taxes and enforcing loyalty to Spain.
Church-run schools promoted Catholic doctrine but limited scientific or liberal education.
The Church used festivals, confession, and social pressure to maintain obedience.
Opposing priests or refusing Church authority could lead to excommunication or punishment.

Consequences

The Church unified the islands under one religion but repressed intellectual freedom.
Indigenous beliefs and local autonomy declined.
Tensions between Filipino secular priests and Spanish friars grew (the Gomburza execution, 1872).
The Church’s abuses fueled anti-clerical sentiment and nationalist reform movements.
Religion became both a tool of control and a source of resistance.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History The Spanish Colonial System Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Political Structure and Administration

The Role of the Catholic Church in Colonial Rule

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Political Structure and Administration

The Role of the Catholic Church in Colonial Rule

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account