IB History Topic The Philippines & the United States Revision Notes (HL)

IB History Topic The Philippines & the United States Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

The Spanish–American War (1898)

Background
1. Tensions rose after the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana; the U.S. declared war on Spain, citing the defense of Cuban and Filipino independence.
American Expansionism
1. The war reflected U.S. interest in overseas colonies and control of Pacific trade routes.
Battle of Manila Bay (May 1898)
1. U.S. Admiral George Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet, ending Spanish naval power in Asia.
Filipino Involvement
1. Emilio Aguinaldo and Filipino revolutionaries allied with the U.S. to defeat Spain, believing independence would follow.
Treaty of Paris (1898)
1. Ended the war; Spain ceded the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico to the U.S. for $20 million without Filipino consent.

Definition

Expansionism

U.S. policy of acquiring territories abroad for economic and strategic purposes.

Definition

Treaty of Paris (1898)

Agreement transferring the Philippines from Spain to the U.S.

Case study

The Spanish–American War and the Betrayal of Filipino Independence

U.S.–Filipino Alliance

Aguinaldo returned from exile with U.S. support to lead revolutionary forces.
Filipinos helped capture most of the Philippines from Spain by mid-1898.
The U.S. presented itself as a liberator, encouraging hopes for freedom.
Secret U.S. negotiations with Spain ignored Filipino leaders.
Independence was declared on June 12, 1898, but not recognized by the U.S.

Consequences

Filipinos felt betrayed when the U.S. claimed sovereignty under the Treaty of Paris.
Tensions led to the Philippine–American War (1899–1902).
The war marked the shift from liberation to colonization.
Thousands of civilians died due to warfare and disease.
Established U.S. dominance in the Pacific.

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Definition

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Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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The Spanish–American War (1898)

Background
1. Tensions rose after the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana; the U.S. declared war on Spain, citing the defense of Cuban and Filipino independence.
American Expansionism
1. The war reflected U.S. interest in overseas colonies and control of Pacific trade routes.
Battle of Manila Bay (May 1898)
1. U.S. Admiral George Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet, ending Spanish naval power in Asia.
Filipino Involvement
1. Emilio Aguinaldo and Filipino revolutionaries allied with the U.S. to defeat Spain, believing independence would follow.
Treaty of Paris (1898)
1. Ended the war; Spain ceded the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico to the U.S. for $20 million without Filipino consent.

Definition

Expansionism

U.S. policy of acquiring territories abroad for economic and strategic purposes.

Definition

Treaty of Paris (1898)

Agreement transferring the Philippines from Spain to the U.S.

Case study

The Spanish–American War and the Betrayal of Filipino Independence

U.S.–Filipino Alliance

Aguinaldo returned from exile with U.S. support to lead revolutionary forces.
Filipinos helped capture most of the Philippines from Spain by mid-1898.
The U.S. presented itself as a liberator, encouraging hopes for freedom.
Secret U.S. negotiations with Spain ignored Filipino leaders.
Independence was declared on June 12, 1898, but not recognized by the U.S.

Consequences

Filipinos felt betrayed when the U.S. claimed sovereignty under the Treaty of Paris.
Tensions led to the Philippine–American War (1899–1902).
The war marked the shift from liberation to colonization.
Thousands of civilians died due to warfare and disease.
Established U.S. dominance in the Pacific.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History The Philippines & the United States Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

The Spanish–American War (1898)

The Spanish–American War and the Betrayal of Filipino Independence

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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The Spanish–American War (1898)

The Spanish–American War and the Betrayal of Filipino Independence

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account