Notes for The Hundred Years War - IB | RevisionDojo
The Hundred Years War Notes
In fourteenth century Europe, French and English interests overlapped which would ultimately lead to battles fought for over a century and spanning five generations of kings.
Causes
Began as a dynastic dispute over the French throne after the death of Charles IV (1328). Edward III of England claimed the crown through his mother, Isabella of France.
Long-standing Anglo-French tensions over control of territories in France escalated.
Economic rivalries emerged, particularly over control of the wool trade and the Flemish cloth industry.
The decline of feudal loyalty and the growing importance of centralized monarchies.
Course of the War
1337–1360: Early English victories, including Crécy (1346) and the capture of Calais (1347).The Black Death disrupted both sides.
Treaty of Brétigny (1360) recognized Edward III’s sovereignty over large French territories in exchange for renouncing his claim to the French throne.
1369–1389: French resurgence under Charles V, reclaiming much of the lost territory. English fortunes declined due to poor leadership and internal unrest.
Introduction of new military tactics, such as English longbowmen and more professional armies.
Impact
The war drained finances, leading to increased taxation and political discontent in both kingdoms.
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What was the dynastic dispute that began the Hundred Years' War?
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Note
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts fought between England and France from 1337 to 1453. This prolonged struggle was not a single continuous war, but rather a series of battles, truces, and political maneuvers that spanned over a century.
The war lasted 116 years, despite its name
It was primarily fought over territorial disputes and claims to the French throne
The conflict had profound effects on both nations, shaping their political and social structures for centuries to come
Analogy
Think of the Hundred Years' War like a long chess game between two grandmasters, with each move carefully calculated and every piece on the board representing a different aspect of power and influence.
Note
The war is often divided into three main phases: the Edwardian War (1337-1360), the Caroline War (1369-1389), and the Lancastrian War (1415-1453).
