IB History Topic South Africa: Development of Democratic States Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB History Topic South Africa: Development of Democratic States Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Factors Influencing Democratic Evolution

Racial Inequality

Apartheid institutionalized racial exclusion, denying political rights to the Black majority.
Inequality undermined democratic legitimacy by restricting citizenship to a racial minority.
Persistent racial divisions shaped post-1994 democratic challenges.
Legal equality after 1994 did not immediately translate into social or economic equality.
Democracy developed unevenly due to long-term structural racial inequality.

Economic Pressures

Apartheid created economic inefficiency by limiting skilled labor to whites.
Sanctions and capital flight weakened economic growth in the 1980s.
Rising unemployment and inequality increased pressure for reform.
Post-apartheid governments faced expectations for rapid economic improvement.
Economic inequality continued to limit democratic participation.

Foreign Influence

International sanctions isolated South Africa politically and economically.
Global anti-apartheid activism increased moral pressure on the regime.
The end of the Cold War reduced Western tolerance of apartheid.
Foreign governments encouraged negotiation over repression.
External pressure reinforced internal demands for democracy.

Definition

Sanctions

Sanctions were economic, political, and cultural penalties imposed by the international community to pressure the South African government to end apartheid and move toward democratic reform.

Definition

Apartheid

Apartheid was a system of legally enforced racial segregation and political exclusion in South Africa (1948–1994) that denied the Black majority equal rights and participation in democracy.

Responses to Domestic Crises

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Note

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Tip

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Factors Influencing Democratic Evolution

Racial Inequality

Apartheid institutionalized racial exclusion, denying political rights to the Black majority.
Inequality undermined democratic legitimacy by restricting citizenship to a racial minority.
Persistent racial divisions shaped post-1994 democratic challenges.
Legal equality after 1994 did not immediately translate into social or economic equality.
Democracy developed unevenly due to long-term structural racial inequality.

Economic Pressures

Apartheid created economic inefficiency by limiting skilled labor to whites.
Sanctions and capital flight weakened economic growth in the 1980s.
Rising unemployment and inequality increased pressure for reform.
Post-apartheid governments faced expectations for rapid economic improvement.
Economic inequality continued to limit democratic participation.

Foreign Influence

International sanctions isolated South Africa politically and economically.
Global anti-apartheid activism increased moral pressure on the regime.
The end of the Cold War reduced Western tolerance of apartheid.
Foreign governments encouraged negotiation over repression.
External pressure reinforced internal demands for democracy.

Definition

Sanctions

Sanctions were economic, political, and cultural penalties imposed by the international community to pressure the South African government to end apartheid and move toward democratic reform.

Definition

Apartheid

Apartheid was a system of legally enforced racial segregation and political exclusion in South Africa (1948–1994) that denied the Black majority equal rights and participation in democracy.

Responses to Domestic Crises

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History South Africa: Development of Democratic States Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Factors Influencing Democratic Evolution

Racial Inequality

Economic Pressures

Foreign Influence

Responses to Domestic Crises

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Factors Influencing Democratic Evolution

Racial Inequality

Economic Pressures

Foreign Influence

Responses to Domestic Crises

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account