Case Studies: South Korea and Sri Lanka
Changing Social Structures, Gender Roles and Urban Life
- Asian societies underwent rapid social change, transforming family structures, gender expectations and urban lifestyles.
- Industrial growth increased middle-class expansion and urban mobility.
- Women gained higher educational access, entering new professional fields.
- Traditional family roles adapted to modern employment patterns.
- Migration reshaped community identities in major cities.
- Exposure to global culture influenced lifestyle choices and norms.
Social Transformation in South Korea (1980–2005)
Shifts and Causes
- Urbanization accelerated social mobility as rural populations moved to cities.
- Women entered higher education in increasing numbers, challenging old norms.
- Declining birth rates altered demographic structure and family expectations.
- Youth culture adopted global influences through media and technology.
- Work culture shifted toward skilled professions demanding innovation and training.
Consequences and Patterns
- Social inequality grew between urban regions and rural areas.
- Dual-income households became common due to economic pressure.
- Women faced slower progress in leadership positions despite higher education.
- Changing family norms reshaped household responsibilities and priorities.
- National debates reflected concerns about cultural continuity and tradition.
Definition
Demographic shift
Significant change in population patterns or structure.
Definition
Social mobility
Movement of individuals or groups between social classes.
Education, Health Reforms and Environmental Challenges
- Governments across Asia responded to rapid modernization by strengthening education systems, improving health access and confronting environmental pressures.
- Expanding education helped build skilled workforces for modern economies.
- Public health reforms increased life expectancy and lowered disease rates.
- Urban pollution became a major environmental concern in developing regions.
