Japanese expansion in East Asia - Causes of expansion

German and Italian Expansion (1933-1940) - Causes of expansion

Civil rights movement in the United States - Nature and characteristics of discrimination

Apartheid South Africa - Nature and characteristics of discrimination

Rwanda - Causes of the conflict

Kosovo - Causes of the conflict

Case study: Fidel Castro

Case study: Vladimir Lenin

Case study: Joseph Stalin

Case study: Mao Zedong

Case study: Benito Mussolini

Case study: Adolf Hitler

Causes and effects of 20th-century wars

Interstate Wars

Civil Wars

Guerrilla Wars

Rivalry, Mistrust, and Accord

Impact of Leaders

Impact on Nations

Cold War Crises

Section 2: Muslims and Jews in Medieval Europe (1095–1492)

Section 3: Late Medieval Political Crises (1300–1487)

Section 4: The Renaissance (c1400–1600)

Section 5: The Age of Exploration and Its Impact (1400–1550)

Section 6: Aspects of the Reformation (c1500–1563)

Section 7: Absolutism and Enlightenment (1650–1800)

Section 8: The French Revolution and Napoleon I (1774–1815)

Section 9: France (1815–1914)

Section 11: Italy (1815–1871) and Germany (1815–1890)

Section 12: Imperial Russia, Revolution and the Establishment of the Soviet Union (1855–1924)

Section 13: Europe and the First World War (1871–1918)

Section 14: Inter-war Domestic Developments in European states (1918–1939)

Section 15: Diplomacy in Europe (1919–1945)

Section 16: The Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia (1924–2000)

Section 17: Post-War Western and Northern Europe (1945–2000)