Anglo-Saxon England was well-governed through a system of shires, hundreds, and local courts, but the monarchy was elective rather than strictly hereditary.
The Norman invasion in 1066 replaced the Anglo-Saxon ruling elite with Normans, altered the language of administration (Latin/French), and introduced large-scale castle building.
The feudal system became more formalized, with William I granting land in return for military service.
Domesday Book (1086) provided a comprehensive survey of resources for taxation and military planning.
William the Conqueror
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What was the nature of the Anglo-Saxon monarchy?
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The Anglo-Saxon system of government was a complex and well-organized structure that laid the foundation for modern English governance. At its core, the system was based on a hierarchy of administrative divisions, with the shire being the largest unit, followed by the hundred, and finally the tithing.
The shire was governed by a shire-reeve (later known as a sheriff), who was responsible for maintaining law and order, collecting taxes, and organizing local defense.
Each shire was divided into hundreds, which were further subdivided into tithings of ten households.
The system relied heavily on local participation, with local courts handling most legal matters.
AnalogyThink of the Anglo-Saxon government system like a modern corporation, where the shire is the regional office, the hundred is the department, and the tithing is the team. Each level has its own responsibilities but works together to achieve common goals.
ExampleThe shire court would meet regularly to discuss local issues, much like a modern city council meeting, where community members could bring their concerns and disputes.
